The impact of automation on employment, particularly concerning low-income workers, has become increasingly prevalent in IELTS Writing Task 2 examinations. Based on recent exam data and impact of AI on job opportunities in the technology sector, this topic has appeared in various forms over the past two years and is likely to remain relevant for future tests.
The impact of automation on low-income workers showing factory robots and human workers
Task Analysis
Some people believe that the increasing use of automation (such as robots and artificial intelligence) will lead to significant job losses among low-income workers. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
This question requires candidates to evaluate the relationship between technological advancement and employment opportunities for low-income workers. The effects of automation on low-income job markets is a complex topic that demands a well-reasoned response with specific examples.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8.5)
The widespread implementation of automation technologies has sparked considerable debate about its impact on employment, particularly for low-income workers. While some argue that this technological revolution will result in massive job displacement, I strongly agree with this viewpoint based on current trends and future projections.
Firstly, automation poses a direct threat to many low-skilled jobs that have traditionally provided employment for workers with limited educational qualifications. Manufacturing plants, for instance, are increasingly replacing assembly line workers with sophisticated robots that can operate 24/7 without breaks or human error. Similarly, self-checkout systems in retail stores and automated customer service systems are gradually reducing the need for cashiers and customer service representatives.
Moreover, the advancement of artificial intelligence is extending automation’s reach beyond manual labor into basic cognitive tasks. Machine learning algorithms are now capable of handling routine administrative work, data entry, and basic analysis, functions that previously provided stable employment for many low-income workers. This technological evolution suggests that the scope of job displacement will continue to expand, affecting an increasingly broader range of occupations.
However, it’s crucial to acknowledge that automation also creates new employment opportunities, albeit requiring different skill sets. The maintenance and operation of automated systems demand technical expertise, and the digital economy generates roles in data management and technical support. Nevertheless, these positions typically require higher education and specialized training, making them less accessible to traditional low-income workers without significant retraining.
In conclusion, while automation brings undeniable benefits to productivity and economic efficiency, its negative impact on low-income employment appears inevitable. To address this challenge, society must invest in comprehensive retraining programs and education initiatives to help vulnerable workers adapt to the changing job market.
Impact analysis of automation on various job sectors showing statistical trends
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
These days, many people worry about robots and AI taking away jobs from poor workers. I agree that this is a big problem that needs attention.
First, machines are getting better at doing simple jobs. In factories, robots can work faster than humans and don’t need rest or salary. Many companies are using these robots instead of workers. This means fewer jobs for people who used to work in factories. Also, in shops, we can see self-service machines replacing cashiers.
Second, computers can now do office work too. They can handle paperwork and answer customer questions. This is bad news for office workers who do basic tasks. The effects of automation on low-income jobs show that many people might lose their jobs soon.
However, automation also makes some new jobs. People need to fix and control the machines. But these jobs need special training and education. Most poor workers cannot get these jobs easily because they don’t have the right skills.
In conclusion, I think automation will cause many low-income workers to lose their jobs. The government should help these workers learn new skills for different jobs. This way, they can find work in the new economy.
Analysis of Band Scores
Band 8.5 Essay:
- Sophisticated vocabulary: “sophisticated robots,” “technological evolution,” “comprehensive retraining programs”
- Complex sentence structures with appropriate linking
- Clear progression of ideas
- Relevant examples and thorough analysis
- Coherent paragraphing and strong conclusion
Band 6.5 Essay:
- Simple but clear vocabulary
- Basic sentence structures
- Some repetition of ideas
- Limited use of complex language
- Basic examples and straightforward analysis
Key Vocabulary
- Automation (n) /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/ – the use of machines and computers to do work that was previously done by humans
- Displacement (n) /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ – the act of forcing someone or something out of its usual position
- Inevitable (adj) /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ – certain to happen; unavoidable
- Implementation (n) /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn/ – the process of putting a plan or system into operation
- Cognitive (adj) /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ – related to thinking or conscious mental processes
To practice your writing skills, try composing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments section for feedback. Consider exploring related topics such as the impact of automation on low-income jobs in specific industries or regions.
