Economic inequality and its impact on health outcomes is a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2. This topic has appeared frequently in recent years and is likely to continue being a popular subject due to its relevance in today’s society. In this article, we’ll explore a sample question, provide model essays for different band scores, and offer valuable tips to help you excel in your IELTS writing task.
Analyzing the Topic
Let’s examine a typical IELTS Writing Task 2 question related to economic inequality and health:
Some people believe that economic inequality is a major factor contributing to poor health outcomes in many countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Provide reasons for your answer and include relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
This question requires you to consider the relationship between economic inequality and health outcomes. You need to state your opinion clearly and support it with logical arguments and relevant examples.
Model Essay for Band 8-9
Here’s a high-quality essay that would likely score in the Band 8-9 range:
Economic disparity has long been a contentious issue in societies worldwide, and its impact on health outcomes is increasingly recognized as a critical concern. I strongly agree that economic inequality significantly contributes to poor health outcomes in many countries, as it affects access to healthcare, quality of life, and overall well-being.
Firstly, economic inequality directly influences access to healthcare services. In countries without universal healthcare systems, individuals with lower incomes often struggle to afford necessary medical treatments, preventive care, or health insurance. This disparity leads to delayed or forgone medical attention, resulting in poorer health outcomes for economically disadvantaged groups. For instance, in the United States, studies have shown that low-income individuals are more likely to have untreated chronic conditions and higher mortality rates compared to their wealthier counterparts.
Moreover, economic inequality affects the social determinants of health. People with lower incomes often live in areas with limited access to nutritious food, safe housing, and clean environments. These factors significantly impact overall health and well-being. For example, in many urban areas, low-income neighborhoods are more likely to be located near pollution sources or lack green spaces, contributing to higher rates of respiratory issues and stress-related illnesses.
Additionally, the stress associated with financial insecurity can have severe health consequences. Chronic stress from economic hardship can lead to various health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, and weakened immune systems. This stress-health relationship creates a vicious cycle where poor health further exacerbates economic difficulties, perpetuating the cycle of inequality and poor health outcomes.
However, it is important to note that economic inequality is not the sole determinant of health outcomes. Factors such as individual lifestyle choices, genetic predispositions, and the efficiency of healthcare systems also play crucial roles. Nevertheless, addressing economic inequality remains a fundamental step in improving overall public health.
In conclusion, the strong correlation between economic inequality and poor health outcomes is evident across various societies. While other factors contribute to health disparities, reducing economic inequality should be a priority for policymakers aiming to improve public health. Implementing policies that promote equal access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities can significantly contribute to narrowing the health gap and creating more equitable societies.
(Word count: 356)
Model Essay for Band 6-7
Here’s an essay that would likely score in the Band 6-7 range:
In many countries, people think that economic inequality is a big reason for poor health. I agree that economic inequality affects health outcomes, but I think there are other important factors too.
First, economic inequality means some people can’t afford good healthcare. Rich people can pay for the best doctors and treatments, but poor people might not be able to see a doctor at all. This means poor people often get sicker and don’t live as long. For example, in some countries, poor people can’t afford to go to the hospital when they are very sick.
Second, poor people often live in areas that are not healthy. They might live near factories that pollute the air or in houses that are not safe. This can make them sick more often. Also, they might not be able to buy healthy food, which is important for good health.
However, economic inequality is not the only thing that affects health. Some people have unhealthy habits like smoking or not exercising, which can make them sick even if they have money. Also, some illnesses run in families and can affect anyone, rich or poor.
Governments can help by making healthcare cheaper or free for everyone. They can also make laws to protect the environment and make sure everyone has access to healthy food. These things can help reduce the health problems caused by economic inequality.
In conclusion, I think economic inequality is an important factor in health outcomes, but it’s not the only one. We need to address economic inequality, but also focus on other things that affect health to make sure everyone can be healthy.
(Word count: 269)
Key Points to Remember When Writing
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Structure: Both essays follow a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The Band 8-9 essay has more sophisticated paragraph development.
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Vocabulary: The Band 8-9 essay uses more advanced vocabulary and phrases, such as “contentious issue,” “social determinants of health,” and “perpetuating the cycle.” The Band 6-7 essay uses simpler language but still conveys the main ideas effectively.
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Grammar: The higher band essay demonstrates a wider range of complex sentence structures, while the lower band essay uses simpler constructions.
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Coherence and Cohesion: Both essays use linking words and phrases, but the Band 8-9 essay shows more sophisticated use of cohesive devices.
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Task Response: Both essays address the question, but the Band 8-9 essay provides more depth and nuance in its arguments.
Important Vocabulary to Remember
- Economic inequality (noun) /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ɪnɪˈkwɒləti/ – Differences in economic well-being between individuals or groups
- Health outcomes (noun phrase) /helθ ˈaʊtkʌmz/ – The impact of healthcare activities on people’s health
- Disparity (noun) /dɪˈspærəti/ – A great difference
- Social determinants of health (noun phrase) /ˈsəʊʃl dɪˈtɜːmɪnənts əv helθ/ – The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
- Chronic conditions (noun phrase) /ˈkrɒnɪk kənˈdɪʃnz/ – Health problems that require ongoing management over a period of years or decades
- Mortality rates (noun phrase) /mɔːˈtæləti reɪts/ – The number of deaths in a particular population
- Cardiovascular diseases (noun phrase) /ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ dɪˈziːzɪz/ – Diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels
- Genetic predispositions (noun phrase) /dʒəˈnetɪk ˌpriːdɪspəˈzɪʃnz/ – Increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on a person’s genetic makeup
Conclusion
The impact of economic inequality on health outcomes is a crucial topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. To excel in your essay, focus on clearly stating your position, providing well-structured arguments, and using relevant examples. Practice writing essays on related topics such as:
- The role of government in reducing health disparities
- The relationship between education and health outcomes
- The impact of technological advancements on healthcare accessibility
Remember to apply the vocabulary and structures discussed in this article to enhance your writing. We encourage you to practice writing an essay on this topic and share it in the comments section below. This active practice will help you improve your skills and prepare effectively for the IELTS Writing Task 2.
For more insights on related topics, check out our articles on the effects of economic inequality on health outcomes and the importance of universal healthcare access.