Foreign exchange and its impact on imports is a crucial topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. This theme has appeared frequently in past exams and is likely to continue being relevant due to its significance in global economics. Based on analysis of previous IELTS exams, we’ve identified a highly probable question on this subject:
Some people think that a country should try to produce all the food it needs for its population and import as little food as possible. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Let’s analyze this question and provide sample essays for different band scores.
Question Analysis
This question focuses on food self-sufficiency versus food imports. It requires you to:
- Understand the concept of food self-sufficiency
- Consider the pros and cons of producing all food domestically
- Evaluate the necessity and benefits of food imports
- Form and express your opinion on the extent to which you agree or disagree
Remember, there’s no right or wrong answer. The key is to present a well-reasoned argument supported by relevant examples.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
In an increasingly interconnected world, the notion of complete food self-sufficiency is both impractical and potentially detrimental to a nation’s economy and food security. While I acknowledge the importance of domestic food production, I strongly disagree with the idea that countries should aim to produce all their food and minimize imports.
Firstly, attempting to produce all food domestically ignores the principle of comparative advantage. Countries have varying climates, natural resources, and expertise, making them more efficient at producing certain types of food. For instance, tropical nations like Brazil excel in coffee production, while Canada is renowned for its wheat. By focusing on their strengths and engaging in trade, countries can optimize resource allocation and enhance overall productivity.
Moreover, relying solely on domestic production exposes a nation to significant risks. Natural disasters, crop failures, or livestock diseases could severely compromise food security if a country lacks diverse sources of food supply. Imports serve as a crucial buffer against such vulnerabilities. Japan, for example, has limited arable land but ensures food security through a combination of domestic production and strategic imports.
The impact of international trade on economic growth is another critical factor to consider. Food imports can stimulate economic development by fostering competition, encouraging innovation, and providing consumers with a wider variety of choices at competitive prices. This not only improves the quality of life for citizens but also drives domestic producers to enhance their efficiency and quality.
However, it’s important to strike a balance. While I advocate for food imports, I also recognize the need for a robust domestic agricultural sector. Countries should aim for a strategic mix of domestic production and imports to ensure food security, support rural economies, and maintain some level of self-reliance in case of global supply chain disruptions.
In conclusion, while domestic food production is vital, aiming for complete self-sufficiency and minimal imports is neither realistic nor beneficial in today’s globalized world. A balanced approach that leverages both domestic production and international trade is crucial for ensuring food security, economic growth, and resilience against potential crises.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
The question of whether a country should produce all its food or rely on imports is complex. While I understand the argument for self-sufficiency, I mostly disagree with the idea that countries should minimize food imports.
One reason for my disagreement is that not all countries can produce every type of food they need. Different climates and landscapes mean some foods simply can’t be grown in certain places. For example, it would be very difficult for a country like Saudi Arabia to grow all its own food due to its desert climate. Importing food allows countries to have a varied diet that might not be possible with only local production.
Another point is that importing food can be more economical. Some countries can produce certain foods more cheaply or efficiently than others. If a country tried to produce everything itself, it might end up spending more money and resources. This could lead to higher food prices for consumers.
impact of global trade on local economies is also important to consider. Trading food internationally can help build relationships between countries and support economic growth. It creates jobs in areas like transportation and trade, not just in farming.
However, I do think countries should maintain some level of food production. Relying completely on imports could be risky if there are problems with international trade. A mix of domestic production and imports seems like the best approach.
In conclusion, while countries should produce some of their own food, I disagree that they should try to produce everything and avoid imports. A balance of domestic production and imports is likely the best way to ensure a reliable and varied food supply.
Sample Essay 3 (Band 5-6)
I think the idea that countries should make all their own food and not import much is not a good one. I disagree with this because it’s not possible for many countries and it’s not always the best way.
First, some countries can’t grow all types of food. The weather and land are different in different places. For example, cold countries can’t grow tropical fruits. So they need to import these foods if they want them.
Also, making all your own food can be expensive. Some countries are better at making certain foods, so it’s cheaper to buy from them. If a country tries to make everything, it might cost more money and make food prices go up for people.
effects of inflation on export competitiveness shows that trade is important for countries. Buying and selling food with other countries can help a country’s economy. It can create jobs and help businesses grow.
But I think countries should still make some of their own food. It’s not good to depend only on other countries for food. If there are problems with trade, a country might not have enough food.
In conclusion, I don’t agree that countries should try to make all their own food and not import much. I think it’s better to make some food and also import some from other countries.
Explanation of Band Scores
Band 8-9 Essay:
- Task Response: Fully addresses all parts of the task with a clear position throughout. Presents fully extended and well-developed ideas.
- Coherence and Cohesion: Skillfully managed paragraphing. Uses a wide range of cohesive devices appropriately.
- Lexical Resource: Uses a wide range of vocabulary naturally and flexibly. Rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’.
- Grammatical Range and Accuracy: Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy.
Band 6-7 Essay:
- Task Response: Addresses all parts of the task, though some parts may be more fully covered than others. Presents relevant main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/unclear.
- Coherence and Cohesion: Arranges information and ideas coherently. Uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately, although there may be some under/over-use.
- Lexical Resource: Uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task. Attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy.
- Grammatical Range and Accuracy: Uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms. Makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication.
Band 5-6 Essay:
- Task Response: Addresses the task only partially. The format may be inappropriate in places. Presents some main ideas but these are limited and not sufficiently developed.
- Coherence and Cohesion: Presents information with some organisation but there may be a lack of overall progression. Makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices.
- Lexical Resource: Uses a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate for the task. May make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty for the reader.
- Grammatical Range and Accuracy: Uses only a limited range of structures. Attempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than simple sentences.
Key Vocabulary to Remember
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Food self-sufficiency (noun): The ability of a country to produce enough food to meet its own needs.
Pronunciation: /fuːd ˌsɛlf səˈfɪʃənsi/ -
Comparative advantage (noun): The ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another activity.
Pronunciation: /kəmˈpærətɪv ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ -
Arable land (noun): Land capable of being plowed and used to grow crops.
Pronunciation: /ˈærəbl lænd/ -
Food security (noun): The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.
Pronunciation: /fuːd sɪˈkjʊərəti/ -
Globalized (adjective): Developed or implemented on a worldwide scale.
Pronunciation: /ˈɡləʊbəlaɪzd/ -
Resilience (noun): The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.
Pronunciation: /rɪˈzɪliəns/ -
Economical (adjective): Giving good value or return in relation to the money, time, or effort expended.
Pronunciation: /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ -
Sustainable (adjective): Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.
Pronunciation: /səˈsteɪnəbl/ -
Interdependence (noun): The dependence of two or more people or things on each other.
Pronunciation: /ˌɪntədɪˈpendəns/ -
Agricultural sector (noun): The part of a country’s economy devoted to farming and related industries.
Pronunciation: /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl ˈsektə/
Conclusion
The impact of foreign exchange on imports, particularly in the context of food production and trade, is a complex and frequently tested topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. Understanding this subject is crucial not only for success in the IELTS exam but also for comprehending global economic dynamics.
impact of globalization on local economies is closely related to this topic and may appear in future IELTS questions. Other potential questions might include:
- To what extent should governments intervene in agricultural markets to ensure food security?
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of relying heavily on food imports for a country’s food supply.
- Some people argue that countries should prioritize food exports over domestic consumption. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
To improve your writing skills, try composing an essay on one of these topics or the main question discussed in this article. Share your essay in the comments section for feedback and discussion. This practice will help you refine your arguments, improve your vocabulary, and gain confidence in tackling IELTS Writing Task 2 questions on complex economic topics.