Globalization and its effects on income inequality have become increasingly prevalent topics in IELTS Writing Task 2. This subject has appeared in various forms over the years, and its relevance continues to grow. Based on recent trends, we can expect to see more questions addressing this theme in future IELTS exams. Let’s explore a sample question and provide a comprehensive analysis along with model essays to help you prepare effectively.
Analyzing the Question
Some people believe that globalization has increased the gap between rich and poor, while others argue it has reduced income inequality. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
This question requires you to:
- Discuss the view that globalization has widened the income gap
- Discuss the opposing view that globalization has reduced income inequality
- Provide your own opinion on the matter
It’s crucial to address all parts of the question to achieve a high band score. Let’s break down each component and provide model essays for different band scores.
Band 8-9 Essay Sample
Globalization, the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence of world economies, has been a subject of intense debate regarding its impact on income inequality. While some argue that it has exacerbated the wealth gap, others contend that it has actually reduced economic disparities. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint.
Proponents of the idea that globalization has widened the income gap point to several factors. Firstly, the outsourcing of jobs from developed to developing countries has led to unemployment and wage stagnation in industrialized nations, particularly affecting low-skilled workers. Additionally, the concentration of wealth among multinational corporations and their executives has skyrocketed, leaving many workers behind. For instance, a 2018 Oxfam report revealed that 82% of the wealth created in 2017 went to the richest 1% of the global population.
On the other hand, those who believe globalization has reduced income inequality argue that it has lifted millions out of poverty in developing countries. The expansion of trade and foreign direct investment has created job opportunities and boosted economic growth in nations like China and India. Furthermore, the transfer of technology and knowledge has enabled developing countries to improve their productivity and compete in the global market. A World Bank study showed that the number of people living in extreme poverty globally has more than halved since 1990, coinciding with increased globalization.
In my opinion, while globalization has indeed contributed to reducing absolute poverty on a global scale, it has simultaneously exacerbated relative income inequality both within and between nations. The benefits of globalization have been unevenly distributed, with skilled workers and capital owners reaping disproportionate rewards. To address this issue, I believe that governments and international organizations must implement policies to ensure a more equitable distribution of globalization’s benefits, such as progressive taxation, investment in education and skills training, and strengthening social safety nets.
In conclusion, globalization’s impact on income inequality is complex and multifaceted. While it has helped alleviate extreme poverty globally, it has also contributed to widening income gaps. Moving forward, it is crucial to harness the positive aspects of globalization while mitigating its negative effects on income distribution.
(343 words)
Band 6-7 Essay Sample
Globalization has become a hot topic in recent years, especially when it comes to its effects on the gap between rich and poor. Some people think it has made the rich richer and the poor poorer, while others believe it has actually helped reduce inequality. In this essay, I will discuss both views and give my own opinion.
Those who say globalization has increased inequality point to several reasons. First, many companies have moved their factories to poorer countries where labor is cheaper. This has led to job losses in richer countries, especially for less skilled workers. Also, big multinational companies have made huge profits, while ordinary workers’ wages haven’t grown much. For example, we often hear about CEOs earning millions while their employees struggle to make ends meet.
On the other hand, supporters of globalization argue that it has helped reduce poverty in many developing countries. They say that when companies move their operations to these countries, it creates jobs and boosts the local economy. Additionally, globalization has allowed poorer countries to sell their products to richer countries, which helps them grow. For instance, countries like China and India have seen millions of people lifted out of poverty in recent decades.
In my opinion, globalization has had both positive and negative effects on income inequality. While it’s true that it has helped many people in developing countries escape poverty, it has also contributed to growing inequality within countries. I think the overall impact depends on how governments manage globalization and support those who are negatively affected by it.
To conclude, the relationship between globalization and income inequality is complicated. While it has brought benefits to many, it has also created challenges. I believe that we need to find ways to make globalization work better for everyone, not just the wealthy few.
(296 words)
Key Points to Remember When Writing
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Structure: Both essays follow a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs discussing each view, and a conclusion with the writer’s opinion. This is crucial for achieving a high band score.
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Vocabulary: The Band 8-9 essay uses more sophisticated vocabulary and phrases (e.g., “exacerbated,” “disproportionate rewards”), while the Band 6-7 essay uses simpler language. However, both effectively convey the message.
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Cohesion and Coherence: Both essays use linking words and phrases to connect ideas smoothly. The Band 8-9 essay demonstrates more advanced cohesive devices.
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Task Response: Both essays address all parts of the question, but the Band 8-9 essay provides more detailed examples and a more nuanced opinion.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The Band 8-9 essay showcases a wider range of complex structures with fewer errors compared to the Band 6-7 essay.
Essential Vocabulary for This Topic
- Globalization (noun) /ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ – the process of businesses or other organizations developing international influence or starting to operate on an international scale
- Income inequality (noun phrase) /ˈɪnkʌm ɪnɪˈkwɒlɪti/ – the extent to which income is distributed in an uneven manner among a population
- Outsourcing (noun) /ˈaʊtsɔːsɪŋ/ – the practice of obtaining goods or services from an outside supplier, especially in place of an internal source
- Multinational corporations (noun phrase) /mʌltɪˈnæʃənl kɔːpəˈreɪʃənz/ – companies that operate in several countries
- Foreign direct investment (noun phrase) /ˈfɒrɪn daɪˈrekt ɪnˈvestmənt/ – investment from one country into another, typically by companies rather than governments
- Economic disparities (noun phrase) /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk dɪˈspærɪtiz/ – significant differences in economic well-being between individuals or groups
- Wage stagnation (noun phrase) /weɪdʒ stæɡˈneɪʃən/ – a situation where wages remain the same over time, especially in relation to the cost of living
- Progressive taxation (noun phrase) /prəˈɡresɪv tækˈseɪʃən/ – a tax system where the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases
- Social safety nets (noun phrase) /ˈsəʊʃəl ˈseɪfti nets/ – government programs that provide financial support to people in need
- Equitable distribution (noun phrase) /ˈekwɪtəbl ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/ – fair and impartial allocation of resources or benefits
Conclusion
The impact of globalization on income inequality is a complex and frequently discussed topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. To excel in this type of question, it’s essential to present a balanced argument, provide relevant examples, and offer a well-reasoned personal opinion. Practice writing essays on this theme, considering various aspects such as economic policies, technological advancements, and international trade agreements.
For further practice, try writing essays on related topics like:
- The effects of economic globalization on developing countries
- The role of governments in managing economic inequality
- The impact of technological advancements on global income distribution
Remember to post your practice essays in the comments section below for feedback and discussion. This active engagement will help you improve your writing skills and prepare effectively for the IELTS exam.
To deepen your understanding of this topic, you may want to explore our articles on the effects of globalization on national economies and how to manage the impact of economic inequality. These resources will provide additional insights and vocabulary to enhance your IELTS Writing Task 2 responses.