Income inequality and its effects on social cohesion have become increasingly prominent topics in IELTS Writing Task 2. Based on recent exam patterns and The impact of income inequality on social cohesion, this theme appears approximately once every three months, particularly in countries where income disparity is a significant concern.
Analysis of Common Question Types
The most frequent question format encountered is:
Some people believe that income inequality is necessary for economic growth, while others argue it damages social cohesion and stability. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Understanding the Question Requirements
- Topic: Income inequality’s role in society
- Task: Discuss both perspectives and provide personal view
- Key areas: Economic growth, social stability
- Focus: Balanced analysis with clear position
Economic disparity effects on community bonds and social stability
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8.5)
Similar to discussions about Pros and cons of universal basic income?, this essay examines both perspectives carefully.
Income disparity remains a contentious issue in modern economies, with valid arguments both supporting and opposing its necessity. While some consider it a crucial driver of economic development, others view it as a threat to social harmony. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint.
Proponents of income inequality argue that it creates essential incentives for innovation and economic growth. When individuals see the potential for higher earnings through hard work and creativity, they are more likely to invest in education, start businesses, and take calculated risks. This dynamic environment has historically led to technological breakthroughs and economic expansion, as evidenced by the rapid development of countries like South Korea and Singapore.
However, as explored in Can reducing income gaps lead to a happier society, excessive income disparities can severely damage social fabric. When wealth becomes heavily concentrated, it can lead to social alienation, reduced trust between different socioeconomic groups, and decreased social mobility. These factors often result in increased crime rates, political polarization, and social unrest, as witnessed in several developing nations with extreme wealth concentration.
In my opinion, while some degree of income difference is necessary to maintain economic motivation, extreme inequality poses significant risks to social stability. The solution lies in finding a balance through progressive taxation, investment in public education, and social safety nets that ensure basic dignity for all citizens while preserving incentives for individual achievement.
Measuring social cohesion through various economic and social indicators
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
The relationship between income inequality and economic growth is a big topic today. Some people think different income levels help the economy grow, but others worry about social problems. I will discuss both sides and give my opinion.
First, income inequality can be good for the economy. When people can earn more money, they work harder and try new things. For example, in my country, many people start small businesses because they want to earn more than regular jobs. This helps create jobs and grow the economy.
However, when examining the impact of tax policies on disposable income, we see that big differences in income can cause problems. Poor people may feel angry and jealous of rich people. This can make crime increase and cause social problems. Also, poor families cannot afford good education for their children, which is unfair.
In my opinion, some income difference is okay but too much is bad. Governments should help poor people with better education and job training. Rich people should pay more taxes to help society. This way, we can have both economic growth and social peace.
Key Vocabulary (with Pronunciation)
- cohesion (n.) /kəʊˈhiːʒən/ – unity between people
- disparity (n.) /dɪˈspærəti/ – difference, especially unfair
- alienation (n.) /ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/ – isolation from a group
- polarization (n.) /ˌpəʊləraɪˈzeɪʃn/ – division into opposing groups
- progressive taxation (n.) /prəˈɡresɪv tækˈseɪʃn/ – system where higher earners pay more tax
Conclusion
To practice your writing skills on this topic, consider these additional question variations:
- Discuss whether government intervention can effectively reduce income inequality
- Examine the role of education in addressing income disparities
- Analyze how impact of inflation on low-income households affects social cohesion
Share your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and discussion with fellow learners.
