Crime prevention has become a frequent topic in IELTS Writing Task 2, appearing approximately 3-4 times annually. Based on analysis of past exams from 2018-2023, questions about crime reduction methods have been particularly common in countries like India, China, and Vietnam. Let’s examine one of the most representative questions on this topic.
Topic Analysis
Some people believe that stricter laws and heavier punishments are the best way to reduce crime. Others think that social issues like poverty and lack of education are the root cause of crime, and addressing these would be more effective. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
This question requires candidates to:
- Compare two approaches to crime reduction
- Evaluate effectiveness of legal vs social solutions
- Present and support their personal view
Is government responsible for high crime rates remains a debated topic among policymakers worldwide.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8.5)
Crime reduction strategies have long been debated, with some advocating stricter legislation while others emphasize addressing underlying social problems. While both approaches have merit, I believe targeting root social causes is ultimately more effective in creating lasting change.
Proponents of tougher laws argue that severe consequences deter criminal behavior. They point to examples like Singapore, where strict enforcement and heavy penalties have resulted in remarkably low crime rates. Additionally, harsh punishments may satisfy the public’s desire for justice and create a strong deterrent effect that makes potential offenders think twice before breaking the law.
However, focusing solely on punitive measures overlooks the fundamental causes of criminal behavior. Poverty, inadequate education, and social inequality often create environments where crime flourishes. Research shows that areas with higher poverty rates and limited educational opportunities consistently experience higher crime rates. By addressing these underlying issues through social programs, job training, and improved education access, communities can prevent crime before it occurs.
I firmly believe that social solutions offer a more sustainable approach to crime reduction. While strict laws may temporarily suppress criminal activity, they fail to address the conditions that lead people to commit crimes in the first place. Countries that have invested in social welfare, education, and economic opportunity have generally seen more sustained reductions in crime rates. For example, Norway’s emphasis on rehabilitation and social support has resulted in one of the lowest recidivism rates globally.
In conclusion, while legal deterrents play a role in maintaining order, addressing social issues provides a more comprehensive and lasting solution to crime. A balanced approach that combines reasonable legal consequences with strong social support systems would likely yield the best results.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
Nowadays, many people have different opinions about how to reduce crime in society. Some think strict laws are the answer, but others believe solving social problems is better. I will discuss both ideas and share my thoughts.
People who support strict laws think criminals should get heavy punishments. They believe this will make people afraid to commit crimes. For example, in some countries, drug dealers get very long prison sentences, which might stop others from selling drugs. Also, when police catch criminals quickly and courts give big punishments, people feel safer.
On the other hand, many people think social problems cause crime. Poor people might steal food because they are hungry. People without education cannot find good jobs and might turn to crime. If governments help poor people and give better education, maybe there will be less crime. For example, in poor areas where new schools were built, crime went down.
I think both ideas are important, but fixing social problems is better. Even though strict laws can stop some crime, they don’t help people who are struggling. If we give people better opportunities, they won’t need to commit crimes. However, we still need some laws to protect society.
In conclusion, while strict laws are necessary, solving social problems like poverty and poor education is more important for reducing crime. Governments should focus more on helping people than punishing them.
Analysis of Sample Essays
Band 8.5 Essay Features:
- Sophisticated vocabulary and complex structures
- Clear progression of ideas
- Well-developed arguments with specific examples
- Coherent paragraphing
- Balanced discussion with clear position
Band 6.5 Essay Features:
- Simple but clear language
- Basic argument development
- Some examples provided
- Adequate organization
- Position stated but less thoroughly supported
Key Vocabulary
- deterrent (n) /dɪˈterənt/ – something that discourages an action
- recidivism (n) /rɪˈsɪdɪvɪzəm/ – tendency to relapse into criminal behavior
- punitive (adj) /ˈpjuːnətɪv/ – intended as punishment
- rehabilitation (n) /ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/ – restoration to normal life
- underlying (adj) /ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/ – fundamental or basic
Consider practicing with these similar topics:
- The role of rehabilitation vs punishment in prisons
- Youth crime prevention strategies
- Community policing effectiveness
Share your practice essays in the comments for feedback and improvement suggestions.