Linking words and phrases are essential for achieving cohesion and coherence in your IELTS writing, and consequently, a higher band score. They guide the reader through your ideas, demonstrating logical flow and a sophisticated command of English. This article focuses on four commonly used linking words – however, therefore, moreover, and consequently – exploring their meanings, usage, and how to effectively incorporate them in your IELTS writing to achieve a band 7 or higher.

Here are some examples of how these linking words can be used in different sections of the IELTS exam:

Writing Task 2:

• However: “Some people believe that technology has made our lives easier. However, others argue that it has led to increased stress and isolation.”
• Therefore: “Increased screen time can negatively impact sleep patterns. Therefore, it is crucial to limit exposure to electronic devices before bed.”
• Moreover: “Regular exercise offers numerous physical benefits. Moreover, it contributes significantly to mental well-being.”
• Consequently: “Many traditional jobs have been replaced by automation. Consequently, unemployment rates have risen in certain sectors.”

Speaking Part 3:

• However: “Well, I enjoy travelling solo. However, I can see the appeal of group tours for meeting new people.”
• Therefore: “I believe climate change is a pressing issue. Therefore, we all need to take responsibility for reducing our carbon footprint.”

Understanding Linking Words and Their Importance

Each linking word serves a specific function in connecting ideas and demonstrating the relationship between clauses and sentences.

1. However

• Meaning: Introduces a contrasting idea or argument.
• Frequency in IELTS: Very common, especially in Writing Task 2.
• Example: “Many students prefer online learning. However, traditional classrooms offer a more interactive learning environment.”

2. Therefore

• Meaning: Indicates a consequence or result of the preceding statement.
• Frequency in IELTS: Common in both Writing and Speaking, especially when presenting arguments or drawing conclusions.
• Example: “The government has implemented strict environmental regulations. Therefore, air quality is expected to improve gradually.”

3. Moreover

• Meaning: Adds further information or support to the previous point.
• Frequency in IELTS: Frequently used in Writing Task 2 to develop arguments or provide additional details.
• Example: “Studying abroad enhances language skills. Moreover, it broadens cultural understanding and fosters personal growth.”

4. Consequently

• Meaning: Indicates a direct result or effect of the previous statement (similar to “therefore”).
• Frequency in IELTS: Common in Writing tasks to explain the consequences of issues or trends.
• Example: “Deforestation has led to habitat loss for many species. Consequently, biodiversity is under serious threat.”

Usage and Grammatical Considerations

1. However

Formula:

• Independent Clause 1 + ; however, + Independent Clause 2.
• Independent Clause 1. However, Independent Clause 2.

Analysis:

• “However” is often used to connect two contrasting ideas in separate sentences or to introduce a contrasting clause within a sentence.
• Notice the use of a semicolon (;) when “however” appears at the beginning of an independent clause within a sentence.

Example:

• “Many people find it challenging to learn a new language; however, consistent effort and effective learning strategies can lead to fluency.”

2. Therefore

Formula:

• Independent Clause 1 + . Therefore, + Independent Clause 2.

Analysis:

• “Therefore” typically appears at the beginning of a sentence, introducing a consequence or conclusion that stems from the previous statement.
• Always use a comma after “therefore” when it begins a sentence.

Example:

• “The demand for electric vehicles is steadily rising. Therefore, car manufacturers are increasing their production of eco-friendly models.”

3. Moreover

Formula:

• Independent Clause 1 + . Moreover, + Independent Clause 2.

Analysis:

• Like “therefore,” “moreover” usually appears at the beginning of a sentence, adding supplementary information to the previous idea.
• It’s crucial to ensure that the information introduced by “moreover” is relevant and strengthens the existing point.

Example:

• “Renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly affordable. Moreover, they significantly reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.”

4. Consequently

Formula:

• Independent Clause 1 + . Consequently, + Independent Clause 2.

Analysis:

• “Consequently” is used in a similar way to “therefore,” highlighting a direct result or effect of the preceding statement.

Example:

• “The pandemic disrupted global supply chains. Consequently, many businesses faced significant inventory shortages.”

Writing Sample: IELTS Writing Task 2

Prompt:

Some people believe that the best way to improve public health is by promoting healthy lifestyles. Others argue that it is more important to focus on treating illnesses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Response:

Public health is a multifaceted issue, and opinions vary regarding the most effective approach to enhance it. While some advocate for prioritizing healthy lifestyle promotion, others believe that focusing on illness treatment yields better outcomes. This essay will delve into both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint.

Proponents of healthy lifestyle promotion argue that prevention is better than cure. Consequently, investing in initiatives that encourage regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and mental well-being can reduce the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, promoting healthy habits from a young age can lead to long-term positive health outcomes and reduce the strain on healthcare systems in the long run.

However, others contend that concentrating on illness treatment is equally crucial. They argue that advances in medical technology and treatments have significantly improved life expectancy and quality of life for individuals suffering from various ailments. Therefore, allocating resources towards research, development, and accessible healthcare services remains paramount.

In my opinion, a balanced approach that encompasses both prevention and treatment is essential for optimizing public health. While promoting healthy lifestyles can mitigate the risk of preventable diseases, it cannot replace the need for effective illness treatment. Therefore, governments and healthcare providers should strive to create comprehensive strategies that address both aspects of public health.

IELTS Linking Words Band 7

Achieving a Higher Band Score: Using Linking Words Effectively

• Variety and Sophistication: Don’t overuse the same linking words. Explore synonyms and different grammatical structures to demonstrate a wider range of vocabulary and sentence structure.
• Accuracy and Appropriateness: Ensure that the linking word you choose accurately reflects the relationship between your ideas. Using an incorrect linking word can confuse the reader and lower your score.
• Natural and Smooth Transitions: Linking words should connect ideas seamlessly, creating a logical flow. Avoid forcing them into your writing if they feel unnatural or disrupt the coherence.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Incorrect punctuation: Using commas or semicolons incorrectly with linking words.
• Overuse: Using too many linking words can make your writing sound repetitive and unnatural.
• Wrong word choice: Using a linking word that does not accurately convey the relationship between ideas.

Conclusion

Mastering the use of linking words like “however,” “therefore,” “moreover,” and “consequently” is a key step towards achieving a band 7+ on the IELTS exam. By understanding their meanings, nuances, and grammatical rules, you can effectively connect your ideas, demonstrate logical flow, and showcase a sophisticated command of the English language. Remember to practice incorporating these words into your writing and speaking, paying close attention to accuracy, variety, and natural flow.