The topic of rapid population growth in cities and its impacts has been a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2, appearing frequently in recent years. Based on analysis of past exam questions, this theme typically appears 2-3 times annually, often framed around debates of benefits versus drawbacks or causes versus solutions.
Analysis of Topic and Question Type
Some people believe that rapid population growth in big cities brings only benefits for their residents, while others argue it has more negative impacts on the city and its people. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
This is a discussion + opinion essay that requires:
- Examining both positive and negative viewpoints
- Providing balanced analysis
- Expressing and supporting a personal stance
Band 9 Sample Essay
The rapid expansion of urban populations has sparked considerable debate regarding its implications for city dwellers. While some maintain this growth generates substantial advantages, others contend it produces more detrimental effects. In my view, although urban population growth offers certain benefits, its negative consequences ultimately outweigh the advantages.
Proponents of urban population growth highlight several key benefits. Firstly, larger urban populations create expanded economic opportunities through increased consumer demand and business activity. For instance, growing cities typically attract more international companies and startups, generating diverse employment options. Additionally, population growth often catalyzes infrastructure development, as governments invest in improved transportation systems, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions to accommodate rising numbers of residents.
However, rapid urban population expansion also entails significant drawbacks. The most pressing concern is the strain on existing infrastructure and resources, leading to housing shortages, traffic congestion, and overwhelmed public services. In Mumbai, for example, the exponential population growth has resulted in severe housing crises and overburdened public transportation systems. Furthermore, rapid urbanization frequently corresponds with environmental degradation, including increased pollution levels and reduced green spaces, directly impacting residents’ quality of life.
In my assessment, while urban population growth can stimulate economic development and infrastructure improvements, the negative impacts on living conditions and environmental sustainability pose more serious long-term challenges. The key lies in implementing effective urban planning strategies that can harness the benefits of growth while mitigating its adverse effects.
Band 7 Sample Essay
The growth of population in major cities is a topic that generates different opinions. Some people see it as beneficial, while others believe it causes more problems. This essay will discuss both perspectives and provide my opinion.
There are several advantages to rapid urban population growth. One main benefit is that it creates more job opportunities as businesses expand to serve larger populations. For example, when more people move to cities, new shops, restaurants, and companies open, providing employment. Another positive aspect is that cities with growing populations often receive more government funding for development projects.
On the negative side, rapid population growth can cause serious problems. Housing becomes more expensive due to high demand, making it difficult for many people to afford decent accommodation. Traffic congestion also increases, leading to longer commute times and more pollution. These issues can significantly reduce the quality of life for residents.
In my opinion, while population growth in cities can bring some economic benefits, the negative impacts are more significant and challenging to address. Cities need better planning and management to handle population growth effectively.
Essential Vocabulary
- urbanization (n) /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ – the process of more people living in cities
- infrastructure (n) /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/ – basic physical systems of a place
- congestion (n) /kənˈdʒestʃən/ – overcrowding or blockage
- exponential (adj) /ˌekspəˈnenʃəl/ – becoming more and more rapid
- degradation (n) /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃən/ – the process of becoming worse
- mitigation (n) /ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/ – reducing the severity of something
- sustainability (n) /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ – ability to maintain at a certain level
- catalyze (v) /ˈkætəlaɪz/ – to cause or accelerate change
Conclusion
The topic of urban population growth remains crucial for IELTS candidates. Similar questions might focus on:
- Solutions to urban overcrowding
- Environmental impacts of city expansion
- Public transportation in growing cities
- Housing challenges in urban areas
Practice writing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments for feedback and discussion.