The topic of rapid urbanization and population growth in cities has been a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2, appearing approximately 3-4 times annually since 2019. Based on analysis of past exam questions, this topic frequently emerges in various forms, particularly focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of urban population expansion.
Global urban population growth trends and statistics 2000-2023
Analyzing the Task Question
Some people think that the rapid growth of population in big cities brings more benefits than drawbacks. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
This question requires:
- Clear position on whether benefits outweigh drawbacks
- Well-structured arguments supporting your stance
- Relevant examples and explanations
- Balanced discussion of both aspects
- Minimum 250 words
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8.5)
The unprecedented expansion of urban populations has sparked considerable debate regarding its implications for society. While some argue that this trend offers more advantages than disadvantages, I firmly believe that the challenges significantly outweigh the benefits.
On one hand, rapid urban population growth can catalyze economic development and innovation. Metropolitan areas with larger populations typically attract more investments and business opportunities, creating a robust job market. For instance, mega-cities like Shanghai and Mumbai have transformed into global financial hubs largely due to their expanding populations, which have attracted multinational corporations and fostered technological advancement.
However, the drawbacks of rapid urban population growth are more severe and far-reaching. Firstly, overcrowding in cities leads to severe infrastructure strain, manifesting in traffic congestion, inadequate housing, and overwhelmed public services. Mumbai, for example, faces chronic housing shortages with nearly 40% of its population living in slums. Additionally, rapid urbanization often results in environmental degradation, including air pollution and waste management issues. Cities like Beijing frequently experience hazardous air quality levels due to the combined effect of industrial activities and vehicle emissions from its growing population.
Moreover, the social fabric of urban communities often deteriorates with rapid population growth. The increased competition for resources and opportunities can lead to social tensions, while the high cost of living creates economic disparities. These challenges are particularly evident in developing nations where urban infrastructure development cannot keep pace with population growth.
In conclusion, while urban population growth may offer some economic advantages, its negative impacts on infrastructure, environment, and social cohesion are more significant. Governments must implement comprehensive urban planning strategies to mitigate these challenges and ensure sustainable city development.
Urban challenges caused by rapid population growth
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
Many people think that when cities get more people quickly, it brings more good things than bad things. I disagree with this idea because I think the problems are bigger than the benefits.
First, when too many people live in cities, there are many problems. The traffic becomes very bad and people waste time in traffic jams. Also, houses become very expensive and many people cannot find good places to live. For example, in my city, house prices go up every year because too many people want to live here.
Another problem is pollution. When cities have more people, there are more cars and factories. This makes the air dirty and creates lots of garbage. Many big cities in Asia have very bad air quality because of this problem. Also, when cities grow too fast, they don’t have enough parks and green spaces for people.
However, there are some good things about having more people in cities. More people means more workers for companies and more customers for businesses. This helps the city’s economy grow. Also, big cities have better schools and hospitals than small towns.
But I think the bad things are more serious than the good things. Cities need better planning to solve these problems. The government should make good plans to control city growth and protect the environment.
Analysis of Band Scores
Band 8.5 Essay Analysis:
- Advanced vocabulary and complex structures
- Clear organization with well-developed ideas
- Specific examples and data
- Sophisticated linking devices
- Natural flow and cohesion
Band 6.5 Essay Analysis:
- Basic vocabulary with some repetition
- Simple sentence structures
- Limited use of examples
- Basic linking words
- Some development of ideas but less sophisticated
Key Vocabulary
- unprecedented (adj) /ʌnˈpres.ɪ.den.tɪd/ – never having happened before
- catalyze (v) /ˈkæt.əl.aɪz/ – to cause or accelerate change
- infrastructure (n) /ˈɪn.frə.strʌk.tʃər/ – basic systems and services
- urbanization (n) /ˌɜː.bən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ – process of making areas more urban
- deteriorates (v) /dɪˈtɪə.ri.ə.reɪt/ – becomes worse
- cohesion (n) /kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/ – unity or staying together
- mitigation (n) /ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ – reduction of something harmful
In conclusion, practice writing about similar topics such as:
- Environmental impacts of urbanization
- Solutions to urban overcrowding
- Rural-urban migration effects
Share your practice essays in the comments for feedback and improvement suggestions.
