Prison rehabilitation programs and their effectiveness in reducing reoffending rates have been a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2. This topic frequently appears in various forms, particularly in questions about social issues and crime prevention. Based on analysis of past papers, this theme has appeared approximately 3-4 times annually since 2019, making it a highly relevant topic for IELTS candidates.
Prisoners attending educational workshop in modern prison facility
Sample Question Analysis
Some people believe that the primary purpose of prisons should be to punish criminals. Others argue that rehabilitation should be the main goal. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
This question requires candidates to:
- Examine two contrasting views about prison purposes
- Evaluate arguments for punishment versus rehabilitation
- Present and justify their own position
- Provide relevant examples and evidence
Band 8 Sample Essay
In the ongoing debate about prison system objectives, while some advocate for punitive measures as the primary focus, others emphasize rehabilitation as the key goal. In my view, while punishment has its place, rehabilitation should be the main priority as it offers more sustainable solutions to crime reduction.
The proponents of punishment-focused incarceration argue that it serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it acts as a deterrent to potential criminals and sends a clear message about societal consequences for lawbreaking. Additionally, it provides justice for victims and their families, who often seek retribution for the crimes committed against them. For instance, in cases of violent crimes, many victims’ families find closure through knowing that perpetrators face severe consequences.
However, rehabilitation-centered approaches offer more compelling long-term benefits. When prisons prioritize education, vocational training, and psychological support, they address the root causes of criminal behavior. Statistics from various countries demonstrate that inmates who participate in comprehensive rehabilitation programs show significantly lower recidivism rates. For example, Norway’s rehabilitation-focused prison system has achieved one of the lowest reoffending rates globally, at around 20% compared to 60-70% in punishment-oriented systems.
Furthermore, rehabilitation programs prove more cost-effective for society in the long run. While punitive measures might satisfy immediate demands for justice, they often result in a cycle of reoffending that burdens the justice system and taxpayers. Rehabilitated individuals, conversely, can reintegrate into society as productive citizens, contributing to the economy rather than draining public resources through repeated incarceration.
I believe that while punishment remains necessary for maintaining justice and deterrence, rehabilitation should take precedence in prison systems. This approach not only benefits individual offenders but also serves the broader societal interest in reducing crime rates and promoting public safety.
Inmates learning practical skills in prison workshop
Band 6.5 Sample Essay
Many people have different opinions about what prisons should do. Some think punishment is most important, while others say rehabilitation is better. I think both are important but rehabilitation is more helpful for society.
People who support punishment say it is necessary because criminals need to pay for their actions. When someone commits a crime, they should face consequences to learn their lesson. This also makes other people afraid to commit crimes. For example, if someone sees that criminals go to jail for a long time, they might think twice before breaking the law.
On the other hand, rehabilitation has many benefits. When prisoners learn new skills and get education, they can find jobs after release. Many studies show that prisoners who join rehabilitation programs are less likely to commit more crimes. For instance, in some countries, prisoners can learn trades like carpentry or cooking, which helps them get jobs later.
The punishment approach has some problems. If prisons only punish people, prisoners might become angry and more likely to commit crimes when they get out. They might not know how to live normally in society. This creates more problems for everyone.
I believe rehabilitation is more important because it helps prisoners become better people. While punishment is sometimes necessary, teaching prisoners new skills and helping them change is better for society. This way, they can become good citizens instead of returning to crime.
Analysis of Band Scores
Band 8 Essay Features:
- Complex sentence structures
- Sophisticated vocabulary usage
- Clear, logical organization
- Well-developed arguments with specific examples
- Effective use of cohesive devices
- Balanced discussion with clear position
Band 6.5 Essay Features:
- Simpler sentence structures
- Basic but clear vocabulary
- Some development of ideas
- Limited use of complex language
- Occasional errors in grammar
- Basic examples and support
Key Vocabulary
- Recidivism (n) /rɪˈsɪdɪvɪzəm/ – tendency to relapse into criminal behavior
- Rehabilitation (n) /ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/ – restoration to normal life through training
- Deterrent (n) /dɪˈterənt/ – something that discourages certain behavior
- Retribution (n) /ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃən/ – punishment given for criminal acts
- Vocational (adj) /vəʊˈkeɪʃənl/ – related to skills needed for a particular job
- Reintegration (n) /ˌriːɪntɪˈɡreɪʃən/ – process of rejoining society
- Incarceration (n) /ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃən/ – imprisonment
For practice, try writing your own essay addressing this alternative question: “Some people believe that prisoners should work while in prison. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach.” Share your essays in the comments for feedback and discussion.
