Environmental sustainability and economic growth are two critical aspects of modern society that often seem to be at odds with each other. This topic has been a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2 examinations, reflecting its relevance in contemporary global discourse. Based on past exam trends and current global issues, it is highly likely that questions related to this theme will continue to appear in future IELTS tests.

Let’s examine a specific question that has appeared in recent IELTS exams:

Some people believe that economic growth is the only way to end poverty and hunger in the world, while others say that economic growth is causing damage to the environment and should be stopped. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Analysis of the Question

This question presents two contrasting viewpoints:

1. Economic growth is essential for eliminating poverty and hunger.
2. Economic growth is harmful to the environment and should be halted.

The task requires candidates to discuss both perspectives and provide their own opinion. This type of question falls under the “discuss both views and give your opinion” category, which is common in IELTS Writing Task 2.

Sample Essays

Band 8-9 Essay

The debate between prioritizing economic growth and environmental protection has been ongoing for decades. While some argue that economic development is crucial for eradicating global poverty and hunger, others contend that it comes at the cost of environmental degradation. In my opinion, a balanced approach that combines sustainable economic growth with environmental conservation is the most viable solution.

Proponents of economic growth argue that it is the most effective means to combat poverty and hunger worldwide. They point out that industrialization and technological advancements have historically led to improved living standards, better healthcare, and increased food production. For instance, China’s rapid economic growth over the past few decades has lifted millions out of poverty. Moreover, economic prosperity often leads to better education and innovation, which can, in turn, contribute to more efficient and sustainable practices.

On the other hand, environmentalists argue that unchecked economic growth is causing irreparable damage to our planet. The pursuit of profit often leads to overexploitation of natural resources, deforestation, and increased carbon emissions. These factors contribute to climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, which paradoxically can exacerbate poverty and hunger in the long run. For example, the destruction of rainforests for agricultural expansion may provide short-term economic benefits but can lead to soil degradation and loss of ecosystem services crucial for sustaining life.

Deforestation Impact

In my view, the solution lies in adopting a balanced approach that prioritizes sustainable economic growth. This involves investing in green technologies, renewable energy sources, and circular economy models that minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency. Governments and businesses should collaborate to implement policies that incentivize environmentally friendly practices while still fostering economic development. For instance, investing in renewable energy adoption can create jobs, reduce pollution, and promote energy independence.

Renewable Energy Sources

Furthermore, education plays a crucial role in this paradigm shift. By raising awareness about the importance of environmental conservation and sustainable practices, we can create a generation of conscious consumers and responsible business leaders. This cultural change can drive demand for eco-friendly products and services, aligning economic growth with environmental sustainability.

In conclusion, while economic growth is essential for improving living standards and reducing poverty, it must not come at the expense of our environment. By embracing sustainable development practices, investing in green technologies, and promoting environmental education, we can achieve a harmonious balance between economic progress and ecological preservation. This approach not only addresses immediate socio-economic challenges but also safeguards the planet for future generations.

(Word count: 418)

Band 6-7 Essay

The question of whether economic growth or environmental protection should be prioritized is a complex issue. Some people believe that economic growth is necessary to solve problems like poverty and hunger, while others think it harms the environment and should be stopped. I will discuss both views and give my opinion.

Those who support economic growth argue that it helps improve people’s lives. When the economy grows, more jobs are created, and people earn more money. This can help reduce poverty and allow people to buy food and other necessities. For example, many developing countries have seen improvements in living standards as their economies have grown. Also, with more money, governments can invest in better healthcare and education.

On the other hand, people who are concerned about the environment say that economic growth often leads to pollution and the destruction of nature. Industries that drive economic growth often release harmful emissions and use up natural resources. This can cause problems like climate change and the loss of wildlife habitats. Some argue that if we continue to prioritize growth over the environment, we may face serious consequences in the future.

Industrial Pollution

In my opinion, we need to find a balance between economic growth and environmental protection. I believe it’s possible to have economic development that is also environmentally friendly. This could involve investing in clean energy sources like solar and wind power, which can create jobs while reducing pollution. We should also focus on sustainable agriculture and manufacturing practices that use resources more efficiently.

Governments can play a role by creating policies that encourage environmentally friendly businesses and penalize those that harm the environment. Education is also important to help people understand the importance of protecting nature while still working towards economic progress.

In conclusion, while economic growth is important for reducing poverty and hunger, we cannot ignore its impact on the environment. By finding ways to grow the economy sustainably, we can work towards solving social problems without causing long-term damage to our planet.

(Word count: 332)

Band 5-6 Essay

Some people think economic growth is the only way to stop poverty and hunger in the world. But others say it’s bad for the environment and should stop. I will talk about both ideas and give my opinion.

People who like economic growth say it helps poor people. When the economy grows, there are more jobs and people can earn money. This means they can buy food and other things they need. Also, when countries have more money, they can build hospitals and schools.

But other people worry about the environment. They say that when factories make things to sell, they make pollution. This is bad for nature and animals. They think if we keep growing the economy, we will hurt the Earth too much.

Factory Pollution

I think both ideas are important. We need to help poor people, but we also need to take care of the environment. Maybe we can find ways to grow the economy that don’t hurt nature so much. For example, we could use more solar power instead of coal.

Governments should make rules to protect the environment. They should also teach people about how to take care of nature. If we do these things, maybe we can have economic growth and a clean environment.

In conclusion, I believe we need to be careful. We should try to grow the economy to help poor people, but we must also protect the Earth. If we work hard, we can find a good way to do both things.

(Word count: 239)

Explanation of Band Scores

Band 8-9 Essay Explanation

This essay demonstrates the characteristics of a high-scoring response:

1. Task Achievement: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, discussing both views and providing a clear opinion.
2. Coherence and Cohesion: Ideas are logically organized with clear progression throughout. Paragraphs are well-linked, and cohesive devices are used effectively.
3. Lexical Resource: A wide range of vocabulary is used accurately and appropriately. Sophisticated words and phrases like “irreparable damage,” “overexploitation,” and “paradigm shift” are employed.
4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a variety of complex structures accurately. There is a good mix of simple and compound-complex sentences with minimal errors.

The essay also demonstrates critical thinking and provides specific examples to support arguments, which are hallmarks of high-scoring responses.

Band 6-7 Essay Explanation

This essay shows the following characteristics:

1. Task Achievement: The essay addresses all parts of the task, though the discussion of each view is less developed compared to the Band 8-9 essay.
2. Coherence and Cohesion: There is a clear overall progression, but the links between ideas could be more sophisticated.
3. Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is adequate for the task, with some attempts at less common words. However, it lacks the sophistication of the higher band essay.
4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: There is a mix of simple and complex sentence structures with generally good control, though not as varied as the Band 8-9 essay.

The essay presents relevant ideas but lacks the depth and nuance of a higher-scoring response.

Band 5-6 Essay Explanation

This essay demonstrates:

1. Task Achievement: The main points are addressed, but the content is simplistic and underdeveloped.
2. Coherence and Cohesion: There is a basic structure, but paragraphing and linking could be improved.
3. Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is limited and repetitive, with mostly common words used.
4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: Sentences are mainly simple or compound, with limited use of complex structures.

The essay conveys basic ideas related to the topic but lacks the depth, vocabulary, and grammatical sophistication required for higher bands.

Key Vocabulary to Remember

1. Environmental sustainability (noun) – /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ – The responsible interaction with the environment to avoid depletion or degradation of natural resources.
2. Economic growth (noun) – /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk ɡroʊθ/ – An increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time.
3. Biodiversity (noun) – /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/ – The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat.
4. Sustainable development (noun) – /səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈveləpmənt/ – Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
5. Renewable energy (noun) – /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenərdʒi/ – Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.
6. Carbon emissions (noun) – /ˈkɑːrbən ɪˈmɪʃnz/ – The release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
7. Circular economy (noun) – /ˈsɜːrkjələr ɪˈkɑːnəmi/ – An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources.
8. Eco-friendly (adjective) – /ˈiːkoʊ ˈfrendli/ – Not harmful to the environment.
9. Overexploitation (noun) – /ˌoʊvərˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ – Excessive use of a resource to the point of diminishing returns.
10. Green technology (noun) – /ɡriːn tekˈnɑːlədʒi/ – Technology that is environmentally friendly developed and used in a way that conserves natural resources and the environment.

Conclusion

The topic of balancing environmental sustainability and economic growth is likely to remain relevant in future IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. As global awareness of environmental issues continues to grow, candidates may encounter variations of this theme, such as:

• The role of governments in promoting sustainable development
• The impact of consumer behavior on environmental conservation
• The potential of green technologies in fostering economic growth

To prepare effectively, practice writing essays on these topics, focusing on developing well-structured arguments, using relevant vocabulary, and providing specific examples to support your points. Remember to balance your discussion of both viewpoints and clearly state your own opinion when required.

We encourage you to practice writing an essay on the topic discussed in this article and share it in the comments section below. This active practice is an excellent way to improve your writing skills and receive feedback from others preparing for the IELTS exam.

Protecting forests is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance. As you prepare for your IELTS exam, consider how environmental policies can be designed to prioritize biodiversity conservation while still allowing for sustainable economic development. This balanced approach is key to addressing the complex challenges our world faces today.