The topic of euthanasia legalization is a complex and controversial issue that has appeared in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams multiple times over the years. Based on past exam trends and the ongoing global debate surrounding this subject, it’s likely to remain a relevant topic for future IELTS tests. Let’s examine a real IELTS question that has been reported by test-takers:
Some people believe that it is morally wrong for doctors to help terminally ill patients end their lives. Others think that euthanasia should be legalized. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Analyzing the Question
This question requires candidates to:
- Discuss arguments against euthanasia (morally wrong for doctors)
- Discuss arguments for legalizing euthanasia
- Provide their own opinion on the issue
It’s crucial to address all parts of the question and provide a balanced discussion before stating your personal view.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8)
Euthanasia, the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve suffering, is a highly contentious issue in medical ethics and law. While some argue that it is morally reprehensible for physicians to assist in ending patients’ lives, others contend that euthanasia should be a legal option for those with terminal illnesses. This essay will examine both perspectives before offering my own stance on this complex matter.
Those opposed to euthanasia often base their arguments on ethical and religious grounds. They contend that life is sacred and that only a higher power should determine when it ends. Furthermore, they argue that legalizing euthanasia could lead to a slippery slope, where vulnerable individuals might be coerced into ending their lives prematurely. There are also concerns that it could erode trust in the medical profession, whose primary duty is to preserve life.
On the other hand, proponents of legalizing euthanasia emphasize the principles of autonomy and compassion. They argue that individuals should have the right to make decisions about their own lives, including how and when they die. For those suffering from terminal illnesses, euthanasia could provide a dignified end to their lives, free from prolonged pain and suffering. Advocates also point out that in countries where euthanasia is legal, there are strict safeguards in place to prevent abuse and ensure that it is only used as a last resort.
In my opinion, while the concerns raised by opponents of euthanasia are valid, I believe that it should be legalized under carefully regulated conditions. The right to die with dignity should be respected, particularly for those enduring unbearable suffering with no prospect of recovery. However, it is crucial to implement robust safeguards, including thorough psychological evaluations, multiple medical opinions, and cooling-off periods, to prevent any potential misuse of this practice.
In conclusion, the debate over euthanasia legalization involves complex ethical, medical, and legal considerations. While valid arguments exist on both sides, I believe that allowing individuals the choice to end their lives under strictly controlled circumstances aligns with principles of personal autonomy and compassion. As society continues to grapple with this issue, it is essential to foster open dialogue and ensure that any legalization efforts prioritize patient welfare and ethical integrity.
(Word count: 365)
Essay Analysis (Band 8)
This essay demonstrates several key features that contribute to its Band 8 score:
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Task Response: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, discussing both views and providing a clear personal opinion.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized with clear paragraphing and effective use of cohesive devices (“On the other hand”, “Furthermore”, “In conclusion”).
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Lexical Resource: The writer uses a wide range of vocabulary accurately and appropriately (“contentious”, “reprehensible”, “autonomy”, “dignity”).
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay demonstrates a wide range of grammatical structures used accurately and flexibly (“Those opposed to euthanasia often base their arguments on…”, “While valid arguments exist on both sides, I believe that…”).
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Development of Ideas: Each main point is well-developed with relevant supporting ideas and examples.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
The topic of euthanasia is very controversial. Some people think it’s wrong for doctors to help patients die, while others believe it should be legal. I will discuss both sides and give my opinion.
People who are against euthanasia say it’s not right for doctors to end lives. They believe that life is precious and only God should decide when someone dies. They also worry that if euthanasia becomes legal, some people might be forced to choose it even if they don’t really want to. This could be dangerous for old or sick people who might feel like a burden to their families.
On the other hand, people who support legalizing euthanasia think that patients should have the right to choose. They say that for people with very bad illnesses, euthanasia can stop their suffering. It can give them a peaceful death instead of a painful one. They also argue that in countries where euthanasia is already legal, there are strict rules to make sure it’s not misused.
In my opinion, I think euthanasia should be legal, but with very careful rules. I believe that people who are suffering a lot and have no chance of getting better should be able to choose to end their lives peacefully. However, there should be many checks to make sure no one is forced into it and that it’s really what the patient wants.
To sum up, euthanasia is a difficult topic with good arguments on both sides. While I support making it legal, I think it’s important to have very strict controls to protect vulnerable people. As we continue to discuss this issue, we need to think carefully about how to balance personal choice with protecting people who might be at risk.
(Word count: 295)
Essay Analysis (Band 6-7)
This essay demonstrates features that place it in the Band 6-7 range:
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Task Response: The essay addresses all parts of the task, though the discussion of each view is less developed compared to the Band 8 essay.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay has a clear structure, but uses simpler linking words (“On the other hand”, “To sum up”).
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is appropriate but less sophisticated than the Band 8 essay (“controversial”, “precious”, “peaceful death”).
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentences, with generally good control of grammar.
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Development of Ideas: Main points are supported, but with less detail and nuance compared to the Band 8 essay.
Key Vocabulary for Euthanasia Essays
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Euthanasia (noun) /ˌjuːθəˈneɪziə/ – the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering
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Terminal illness (noun phrase) /ˈtɜːmɪnl ˈɪlnəs/ – a disease that cannot be cured and is expected to result in death
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Autonomy (noun) /ɔːˈtɒnəmi/ – the right or condition of self-government, independence in one’s decisions
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Palliative care (noun phrase) /ˈpæliətɪv keə(r)/ – specialized medical care focused on providing relief from symptoms and stress of a serious illness
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Dignity (noun) /ˈdɪɡnəti/ – the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect
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Ethical dilemma (noun phrase) /ˈeθɪkl dɪˈlemə/ – a situation that involves conflicting moral principles
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Compassion (noun) /kəmˈpæʃn/ – sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others
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Slippery slope (noun phrase) /ˈslɪpəri sləʊp/ – an idea or course of action which will lead to something unacceptable or disastrous
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Safeguards (noun) /ˈseɪfɡɑːdz/ – measures taken to protect someone or something or to prevent something undesirable
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Autonomy (noun) /ɔːˈtɒnəmi/ – the right or condition of self-government, freedom to act independently
Conclusion
The legalization of euthanasia remains a contentious topic likely to appear in future IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. To prepare effectively, practice writing essays on this theme, considering various perspectives and ethical implications. Some potential related topics you might encounter include:
- The role of advanced medical directives in end-of-life care
- Palliative care vs. euthanasia: comparing approaches to terminal illness
- The impact of euthanasia legalization on the medical profession and patient trust
- Cultural and religious perspectives on assisted dying
Remember to critically analyze these issues, providing balanced arguments and clear, well-supported opinions. Feel free to practice by writing your own essay on the topic provided in this article and sharing it in the comments section for feedback and discussion.