Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a topic that has gained significant attention in recent years, especially in the context of economic inequality and technological advancements. This subject has appeared in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions multiple times, making it a crucial topic for IELTS test-takers to be prepared for. Based on the analysis of past IELTS exams and current global trends, it’s highly likely that questions related to UBI will continue to feature in future tests.
Let’s examine a typical IELTS Writing Task 2 question on this topic:
Some people think that governments should provide a universal basic income on which all citizens can live. Others think this is impossible to achieve.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Analysis of the Question
This question requires you to:
- Discuss the viewpoint that governments should provide a universal basic income.
- Discuss the opposing viewpoint that this is impossible to achieve.
- Provide your own opinion on the matter.
Remember to address all parts of the question and maintain a balanced discussion before presenting your personal stance.
Sample Essay 1: Band 8-9
The concept of a universal basic income (UBI) has gained traction in recent years as a potential solution to economic inequality and job displacement due to automation. While some advocate for its implementation, others argue that it is an unattainable goal. This essay will examine both perspectives before offering a personal viewpoint.
Proponents of UBI argue that it could provide a safety net for all citizens, ensuring that basic needs are met regardless of employment status. This could potentially reduce poverty, decrease crime rates, and improve overall societal well-being. Moreover, with the looming threat of job losses due to technological advancements, UBI could serve as a buffer, allowing people to retrain or pursue entrepreneurial ventures without fear of destitution. Additionally, it might simplify the welfare system, reducing administrative costs and bureaucratic inefficiencies.
On the other hand, critics contend that implementing a UBI is financially unfeasible for most governments. The enormous cost of providing a livable income to every citizen could lead to unsustainable budget deficits or necessitate significant tax increases. There are also concerns that a UBI might disincentivize work, potentially leading to a reduction in productivity and economic output. Furthermore, opponents argue that a one-size-fits-all approach may not adequately address the diverse needs of different individuals and communities.
In my opinion, while the idea of a UBI is appealing in theory, its practical implementation faces considerable challenges. However, I believe that instead of dismissing it entirely, governments should consider piloting smaller-scale versions or exploring alternative models that incorporate some of its principles. For instance, a negative income tax system or targeted basic income programs for specific vulnerable groups could be more realistic and achievable in the short term.
In conclusion, the debate over UBI highlights the complex nature of addressing economic inequality and social welfare. While it may not be immediately feasible as a universal solution, the underlying principles of UBI should inform policy discussions aimed at creating more equitable and resilient societies.
(Word count: 309)
Sample Essay 2: Band 6-7
The idea of a universal basic income (UBI) has become a topic of discussion in many countries. Some people think it’s a good solution to help everyone have enough money to live, but others say it’s not possible to do. This essay will look at both sides and give my opinion.
People who support UBI say it can help solve many problems. They think it can reduce poverty and give people more freedom to choose their jobs or start businesses. Also, with machines taking over some jobs, UBI could help people who lose their work. It might make the welfare system simpler and cheaper to run too.
However, there are strong arguments against UBI. The biggest problem is that it would cost a lot of money, and governments might not be able to afford it. Some people worry that if everyone gets free money, they might not want to work anymore. This could be bad for the economy. Also, giving the same amount to everyone might not be fair because some people need more help than others.
In my opinion, while UBI sounds like a good idea, it might be too difficult to make it work right now. I think governments should try smaller versions of UBI or find other ways to help people who need it most. For example, they could give extra money to poor families or people who lose their jobs because of new technology.
To conclude, UBI is a complicated issue with both good and bad points. Even if we can’t have UBI for everyone right now, we should keep thinking about how to make sure all people have enough money to live comfortably.
(Word count: 273)
Sample Essay 3: Band 5-6
Universal basic income is an idea that some people think is good for everyone. They say the government should give money to all citizens. But other people think this is not possible. I will talk about both ideas and give my opinion.
People who like universal basic income say it can help poor people. They think it will make sure everyone has enough money for food and a home. It might also help people who lose their jobs because of new machines. Some say it could make the government’s job easier because they won’t need so many different programs to help people.
But there are problems with this idea too. The biggest problem is that it would cost a lot of money. Governments might not have enough money to give to everyone. Some people worry that if everyone gets free money, they might not want to work. This could be bad for the country’s economy.
I think universal basic income is a nice idea, but it might be too hard to do right now. Maybe governments can try giving money to some people who really need it, like very poor families. This might be easier than giving money to everyone.
In conclusion, universal basic income has good and bad points. It’s hard to say if it will work or not. But we should keep thinking about ways to help people who don’t have enough money.
(Word count: 222)
Explanation of Band Scores
Band 8-9 Essay:
- Fully addresses all parts of the task with a well-developed response
- Presents a clear position throughout the response
- Uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features
- Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy
- Cohesive devices are used effectively throughout
- Demonstrates awareness of style and tone
Band 6-7 Essay:
- Addresses all parts of the task, though some parts may be more fully covered than others
- Presents a relevant position, although conclusions may become unclear or repetitive
- Uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task with some evidence of style and collocation
- Uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms
- Cohesive devices are used effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical
- May have some errors in grammar and vocabulary, but they do not impede communication
Band 5-6 Essay:
- Addresses the task only partially; format may be inappropriate in places
- Expresses a position but development is not always clear
- Uses a limited range of vocabulary; errors in word choice may occur
- Uses a limited range of structures with some attempts to use complex sentences
- May make frequent grammatical errors; punctuation and spelling may be faulty
- Presents information with some organization but there may be lack of overall progression
IELTS Writing Task 2: Universal Basic Income
Key Vocabulary to Remember
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Universal Basic Income (UBI) (noun) – /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnkʌm/ – A government program providing all citizens with a fixed amount of money regularly
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Economic inequality (noun) – /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/ – The unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society
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Feasible (adjective) – /ˈfiːzəbl/ – Possible and practical to do easily or conveniently
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Disincentivize (verb) – /ˌdɪsɪnˈsentɪvaɪz/ – To discourage or deter (someone) from doing something
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Bureaucratic (adjective) – /ˌbjʊərəˈkrætɪk/ – Relating to a system of government in which most important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives
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Sustainable (adjective) – /səˈsteɪnəbl/ – Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level
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Welfare system (noun) – /ˈwelfeə ˈsɪstəm/ – A system of government programs that provide assistance to citizens in need
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Productivity (noun) – /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ – The effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input
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Equitable (adjective) – /ˈekwɪtəbl/ – Fair and impartial
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Resilient (adjective) – /rɪˈzɪliənt/ – Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
In conclusion, the topic of Universal Basic Income is likely to remain relevant in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. It’s a complex issue that allows test-takers to demonstrate their ability to discuss different viewpoints, use advanced vocabulary, and present a well-structured argument. To prepare for potential questions on this topic, consider practicing with variations such as:
- Some argue that UBI could replace traditional welfare systems. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach.
- To what extent do you agree that UBI is necessary in the face of increasing automation and job displacement?
- Discuss the potential economic and social impacts of implementing a Universal Basic Income.
Remember, the key to success in IELTS Writing Task 2 is not just about knowledge of the topic, but also about how well you can structure your essay, use a range of vocabulary and grammar, and present a clear and coherent argument. Practice writing essays on this topic and feel free to share your attempts in the comments section for feedback and further discussion.
