The topic of universal human rights standards is a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. Based on past trends and current global discussions, it’s likely to appear in future tests as well. Let’s examine a relevant question that has been featured in recent IELTS exams:
Some people believe that there should be a universal standard for human rights that applies to all countries. Others argue that different cultures have different values and that a universal standard is not appropriate. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Analyzing the Question
This question requires candidates to:
- Discuss arguments for a universal human rights standard
- Explore reasons why some believe cultural differences make a universal standard inappropriate
- Provide a personal opinion on the issue
Let’s examine sample essays for different band scores, starting with a high-scoring response.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
The debate over whether human rights should be universally standardized or culturally relative is a complex and contentious issue in today’s globalized world. While both perspectives have merit, I believe that a universal standard for human rights is not only possible but necessary for ensuring basic dignities for all people.
Proponents of a universal human rights standard argue that certain fundamental rights should be guaranteed to all individuals regardless of their cultural background. These rights, such as freedom from torture, slavery, and arbitrary detention, are considered inherent to human dignity and should transcend cultural boundaries. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, serves as a cornerstone for this viewpoint, providing a framework for basic human rights that many argue should be universally applied.
On the other hand, those who advocate for cultural relativism in human rights contend that different societies have diverse values and traditions that shape their understanding of rights and morality. They argue that imposing a Western-centric view of human rights on all cultures is a form of cultural imperialism that disregards the unique historical and social contexts of different nations. For instance, some cultures prioritize collective rights over individual freedoms, which can clash with typical Western human rights paradigms.
In my opinion, while cultural differences should be respected, a baseline of universal human rights is crucial for protecting individuals worldwide. This standard should focus on fundamental rights that preserve human dignity and safety, while allowing for some flexibility in implementation to account for cultural nuances. The role of international organizations in promoting human rights is pivotal in achieving this balance, as they can facilitate dialogue between nations to find common ground on human rights issues.
Moreover, globalization and increased interconnectedness have led to a growing consensus on certain basic rights. As societies become more integrated, shared values emerge that can form the basis of a universal standard. This doesn’t mean erasing cultural differences, but rather finding a common ethical foundation that respects human dignity across all cultures.
In conclusion, while cultural diversity should be valued, I believe that a universal standard for human rights is both achievable and necessary in our interconnected world. By focusing on core principles of human dignity and allowing for cultural interpretation in non-essential areas, we can create a framework that protects individuals globally while respecting cultural diversity.
Analysis of Band 8-9 Essay
This essay demonstrates several key features that contribute to its high band score:
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Clear structure: The essay follows a logical progression, introducing the topic, discussing both viewpoints, and concluding with a well-supported opinion.
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Cohesion and coherence: Ideas flow smoothly between paragraphs, with effective use of linking words and phrases.
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Lexical resource: The essay uses a wide range of vocabulary accurately and appropriately, such as “contentious,” “cultural imperialism,” and “paradigms.”
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Grammatical range and accuracy: Complex sentence structures are used effectively, with a mix of simple and compound-complex sentences.
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Task response: All parts of the question are fully addressed, with a clear position taken and well-developed arguments.
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Critical thinking: The essay demonstrates a nuanced understanding of the issue, acknowledging the complexity while presenting a clear stance.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
The question of whether there should be a universal standard for human rights or if different cultures should have their own standards is a difficult one. There are good arguments on both sides, and I will discuss them before giving my opinion.
On one hand, many people believe that human rights should be the same for everyone in the world. They think that all humans deserve basic rights like freedom and safety, no matter where they live. The United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an example of trying to create a standard that applies to all countries. Supporters say this helps protect people from bad treatment by their governments.
However, others argue that different cultures have different values, so it’s not fair to have one standard for everyone. They say that Western ideas about human rights might not fit with other cultures’ traditions. For example, some cultures might value community more than individual rights. These people think that each country should decide its own human rights standards based on its culture and history.
In my opinion, I think there should be some basic human rights that apply to everyone, but with room for cultural differences in less important areas. The most important rights, like freedom from torture or slavery, should be universal. But other things, like how people dress or family customs, can be different in different cultures. This way, we can protect people’s basic rights while still respecting cultural diversity.
The importance of free speech in a globalized world shows how some rights can be seen as universal. Free speech helps people share ideas and learn from each other, which is important in our connected world. But even this right might look different in different places.
In conclusion, while cultural differences are important, I believe that some basic human rights should be the same for everyone. We can have a universal standard for the most important rights while still allowing for some cultural differences in how they are applied.
Analysis of Band 6-7 Essay
This essay demonstrates several characteristics of a Band 6-7 response:
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Structure: The essay has a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs discussing both views, and a conclusion. However, the development of ideas could be more thorough.
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Coherence: The essay uses some linking words and phrases to connect ideas, but the flow between paragraphs could be smoother.
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Vocabulary: There is a good range of vocabulary, but it lacks the sophistication and precision of higher band scores.
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Grammar: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentences, with generally good control of grammar. There are some minor errors, but they do not impede understanding.
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Task response: All parts of the question are addressed, but the arguments could be more fully developed and supported with specific examples.
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Critical thinking: The essay shows some analysis of the issue, but the ideas could be explored in greater depth.
Key Vocabulary
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Universal standard (noun): A set of rules or principles that apply to everyone or everything.
Pronunciation: /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl ˈstændəd/ -
Human rights (noun): The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled.
Pronunciation: /ˌhjuːmən ˈraɪts/ -
Cultural relativism (noun): The idea that a person’s beliefs and activities should be understood in terms of that person’s own culture.
Pronunciation: /ˌkʌltʃərəl ˈrelətɪvɪzəm/ -
Globalization (noun): The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
Pronunciation: /ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ -
Imperialism (noun): A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
Pronunciation: /ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪzəm/ -
Dignity (noun): The state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect.
Pronunciation: /ˈdɪɡnəti/ -
Paradigm (noun): A typical example or pattern of something; a model.
Pronunciation: /ˈpærədaɪm/ -
Interconnectedness (noun): The state of being connected with each other.
Pronunciation: /ˌɪntəkəˈnektɪdnəs/ -
Nuance (noun): A subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound.
Pronunciation: /ˈnjuːɑːns/ -
Consensus (noun): A general agreement.
Pronunciation: /kənˈsensəs/
Conclusion
The topic of universal human rights standards is a complex and nuanced issue that frequently appears in IELTS Writing Task 2. By analyzing the sample essays and understanding the key elements that contribute to different band scores, you can improve your own writing skills for this type of question.
To practice further, try writing your own essay on this topic or related ones, such as:
- Should international law override national laws when it comes to human rights?
- How can countries balance cultural traditions with modern human rights standards?
- What role should education play in promoting universal human rights?
Remember to focus on clear structure, coherent arguments, varied vocabulary, and accurate grammar. Consider posting your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and discussion with other learners. This active engagement will help you develop your skills and prepare effectively for the IELTS Writing Task 2.