Self-driving cars have become an increasingly popular topic in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. Based on our analysis of past IELTS tests and current technological trends, we expect this theme to appear frequently in future exams. To help you prepare, we’ve selected a relevant question that closely resembles those seen in actual IELTS tests:

Some people believe that self-driving cars will bring many benefits, while others are concerned about potential drawbacks. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Let’s analyze this question and provide sample essays for different band scores, along with detailed explanations to help you understand the scoring criteria.

Question Analysis

This question falls under the “discuss both views and give your opinion” category. It requires you to:

1. Discuss the benefits of self-driving cars
2. Discuss the potential drawbacks
3. Provide your own opinion on the topic

To excel in this task, you need to present a balanced argument, covering both perspectives before concluding with your personal stance.

Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)

Self-driving vehicles have emerged as a groundbreaking technology, sparking debate about their potential impact on society. While some anticipate numerous advantages from their widespread adoption, others express concerns about possible negative consequences. This essay will examine both viewpoints before presenting my own perspective on the matter.

Proponents of autonomous vehicles argue that they offer several significant benefits. Firstly, these cars have the potential to drastically reduce road accidents caused by human error, which accounts for a majority of traffic incidents. By eliminating factors such as distracted driving, fatigue, and impaired judgment, self-driving cars could save countless lives. Additionally, they could provide increased mobility for elderly and disabled individuals who are currently unable to drive, thus enhancing their independence and quality of life. Moreover, autonomous vehicles could optimize traffic flow, reducing congestion and commute times in urban areas.

On the other hand, critics raise valid concerns about the drawbacks of this technology. One major issue is the potential loss of jobs in the transportation sector, particularly for taxi drivers and truck operators, which could lead to significant economic disruption. There are also ethical concerns surrounding the decision-making algorithms of self-driving cars in unavoidable accident scenarios. Furthermore, questions about data privacy and the vulnerability of these vehicles to hacking pose serious security risks that need to be addressed.

In my opinion, while the concerns raised are legitimate, the potential benefits of self-driving cars outweigh the drawbacks. The life-saving potential alone makes this technology worth pursuing. However, I believe that a gradual implementation, coupled with robust regulations and security measures, is crucial to mitigate the negative impacts and ensure a smooth transition to this new era of transportation.

(Word count: 275)

Benefits and drawbacks of self-driving cars illustrated

Essay 1 Analysis (Band 8-9)

This essay demonstrates excellent qualities that justify a high band score:

1. Task Response: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, discussing both views and clearly presenting the writer’s opinion. It provides well-developed ideas with relevant examples.

2. Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized with clear progression throughout. It uses a variety of cohesive devices effectively (e.g., “Firstly”, “Additionally”, “Moreover”, “On the other hand”).

3. Lexical Resource: The vocabulary used is sophisticated and precise (e.g., “groundbreaking technology”, “autonomous vehicles”, “ethical concerns”, “economic disruption”). There’s a good range of uncommon words and phrases used accurately.

4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay demonstrates a wide range of complex structures used accurately and flexibly (e.g., “While some anticipate…, others express…”, “By eliminating factors such as…”).

Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)

Self-driving cars are a new technology that some people think will be very good, while others worry about problems they might cause. In this essay, I will discuss both sides and give my opinion.

There are several benefits of self-driving cars. First, they can make roads safer because computers don’t get tired or distracted like human drivers. This could reduce accidents and save lives. Also, self-driving cars could help old people or disabled people who can’t drive normal cars. This would give them more freedom to go places. Another good thing is that these cars might help with traffic jams in big cities.

However, there are also some drawbacks to consider. One big problem is that many people who work as drivers, like taxi drivers or truck drivers, might lose their jobs. This could cause economic problems. Another worry is about how the car’s computer will make decisions in dangerous situations. People also worry about privacy and the possibility of hackers attacking the cars.

In my opinion, I think self-driving cars will be good for society overall. The safety benefits are very important. But I also think we need to be careful and make good rules for using these cars. We should also think about how to help people who might lose their jobs because of this technology.

(Word count: 228)

Essay 2 Analysis (Band 6-7)

This essay demonstrates qualities typical of a Band 6-7 score:

1. Task Response: The essay addresses all parts of the task, presenting both views and the writer’s opinion. However, the ideas are less fully developed compared to the Band 8-9 essay.

2. Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is generally well-organized, but uses simpler linking words (e.g., “First”, “Also”, “However”) and less sophisticated paragraph transitions.

3. Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is adequate for the task, but less varied and sophisticated than the higher band essay. Some attempt at less common vocabulary is present (e.g., “distracted”, “disabled”, “economic problems”).

4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentences, generally with good control. However, the range of structures is more limited compared to the Band 8-9 essay.

Key Vocabulary to Remember

1. Autonomous (adjective) – /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ – able to operate independently
2. Implementation (noun) – /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn/ – the process of putting a plan into effect
3. Congestion (noun) – /kənˈdʒestʃən/ – the state of being overcrowded, especially with traffic
4. Vulnerability (noun) – /ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ – the quality of being easily hurt or attacked
5. Ethical (adjective) – /ˈeθɪkl/ – relating to moral principles
6. Optimize (verb) – /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/ – make the best or most effective use of
7. Disruptive (adjective) – /dɪsˈrʌptɪv/ – causing or tending to cause disruption
8. Algorithm (noun) – /ˈælɡərɪðəm/ – a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or problem-solving

IELTS Writing Task 2 vocabulary for self-driving cars

Conclusion

The topic of self-driving cars is likely to remain relevant in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams due to its technological and societal implications. To prepare for similar questions, consider practicing with variations such as:

• Discuss the impact of self-driving cars on urban planning and infrastructure.
• Compare the environmental effects of self-driving cars versus traditional vehicles.
• Evaluate the ethical considerations in programming self-driving cars for accident scenarios.

Remember, the key to success in IELTS Writing Task 2 is to address all parts of the question, organize your ideas clearly, use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures, and support your arguments with relevant examples.

We encourage you to practice writing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments section below. This active practice is an effective way to improve your writing skills and prepare for the IELTS exam. Good luck with your studies!

Why governments should regulate fast fashion industries is another important topic you might encounter in IELTS Writing Task 2. Understanding various contemporary issues can help you develop well-rounded arguments in your essays.