The topic of genetically modified (GM) crops frequently appears in IELTS Writing Task 2, particularly in tests administered across Asia and Europe. Based on analysis of past exam papers, questions about GM crops have appeared at least once every quarter since 2019, making it a highly relevant topic for IELTS candidates.
The effects of genetic engineering on agriculture have become increasingly important as countries debate food security and environmental sustainability.
Scientists conducting research on genetically modified crops in modern laboratory
Analysis of Common Question Types
The most frequently appearing question type on this topic is the advantages/disadvantages essay, often asking candidates to discuss both benefits and potential risks of GM crops. Let’s examine a recent example:
Some people think that genetically modified crops are necessary to address world hunger, while others argue that they pose serious risks to human health and the environment. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question Analysis
This question requires:
- Discussion of both positive and negative aspects of GM crops
- Clear personal stance
- Balanced analysis of competing viewpoints
- Relevant examples and supporting evidence
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8.0)
The debate over genetically modified crops has intensified as global food security concerns grow. While proponents view GM technology as a solution to world hunger, critics raise valid concerns about its potential impacts. I believe that GM crops offer significant benefits but require careful regulation.
Genetic modification of crops presents several compelling advantages. Firstly, GM varieties can be engineered to resist pests and diseases, significantly reducing crop losses and pesticide use. For example, Bt cotton in India has helped farmers increase yields by up to 30% while decreasing pesticide applications. Additionally, GM crops can be enhanced with extra nutrients, addressing malnutrition in developing regions, as demonstrated by golden rice enriched with vitamin A.
However, legitimate concerns exist about potential risks. Critics argue that GM crops might have unforeseen effects on human health through allergenic proteins or unintended genetic changes. Environmental concerns include the possibility of cross-pollination with non-GM crops and the development of pesticide-resistant “superweeds.” These issues have led to restrictions on genetically modified organisms in many countries.
In my view, the benefits of GM technology outweigh the risks when properly managed. Strict scientific testing protocols and regulatory frameworks can address safety concerns while allowing society to harness the potential of genetic engineering to enhance food security. The key lies in finding the right balance between innovation and precaution.
Agricultural scientists conducting field trials of GM crops
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
Nowadays, GM crops are a controversial topic. Some people think they can help solve world hunger problems, but others worry about their safety. This essay will discuss both sides and give my opinion.
On the positive side, GM crops can help farmers grow more food. They can make plants stronger against insects and bad weather. For example, some corn types don’t need much water to grow. Also, scientists can make food more healthy by adding vitamins.
However, there are some problems too. Some people think GM food might not be safe to eat. They worry it could make people sick or cause allergies. Also, GM plants might affect other normal plants nearby. Should genetic engineering be regulated is an important question many countries face.
I think GM crops can be good if we use them carefully. We need more research to make sure they are safe. Also, governments should make good rules about how to use them.
Analysis of Band Scores
Band 8.0 Essay Features:
- Sophisticated vocabulary and complex structures
- Clear, logical organization
- Well-developed arguments with specific examples
- Effective use of topic-specific terminology
- Coherent progression of ideas
Band 6.5 Essay Features:
- Simple but clear language
- Basic organization present
- Limited range of vocabulary
- Some repetition and informal expressions
- Less sophisticated argument development
Key Vocabulary
- genetic modification (n) /dʒəˈnetɪk ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ – the process of changing an organism’s genes
- cross-pollination (n) /krɒs pɒlɪˈneɪʃən/ – transfer of pollen between different plant varieties
- pesticide-resistant (adj) /ˈpestɪsaɪd rɪˈzɪstənt/ – able to survive pesticide exposure
- regulatory framework (n) /ˈregjʊləteri ˈfreɪmwɜːk/ – system of rules and guidelines
- food security (n) /fuːd sɪˈkjʊərəti/ – reliable access to sufficient food
For additional insights into this topic, you may want to explore should genetically modified crops be encouraged.
Conclusion
This topic remains crucial for IELTS preparation. Practice by writing essays on related questions like “Should governments invest in GM crop research?” or “Does genetic modification of crops pose more risks than benefits?” Share your practice essays in the comments for feedback and discussion.
