Mastering IELTS Writing Task 2: The Effect of Urbanization on the Environment – Sample Essays and Expert Analysis

Urbanization and its impact on the environment is a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2. Based on past exam trends and current global concerns, this topic has a high probability of appearing in future tests. Let’s explore a relevant question and provide sample essays to help you prepare effectively.

Urbanization impact on environment

Analyzing the Question

Let’s examine a typical IELTS Writing Task 2 question on this topic:

Some people believe that economic growth is the only way to end poverty and hunger in the developing world, while others argue that economic growth is damaging the environment and should be limited. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

This question requires you to:

1. Discuss the view that economic growth is essential for ending poverty and hunger
2. Discuss the opposing view that economic growth harms the environment
3. Present your own opinion on the issue

Sample Essay 1: Band 8-9 Response

In the debate between economic growth and environmental protection, compelling arguments exist on both sides. While some assert that economic development is crucial for alleviating poverty in developing nations, others contend that such growth poses a significant threat to our planet’s ecosystems. This essay will explore both perspectives before offering a nuanced view on this complex issue.

Proponents of economic growth argue that it is the most effective tool for combating poverty and hunger in developing countries. They contend that increased economic activity leads to job creation, higher incomes, and improved living standards. For instance, China’s rapid economic expansion over the past few decades has lifted millions out of extreme poverty, demonstrating the transformative power of growth. Moreover, economic prosperity often correlates with advancements in healthcare, education, and infrastructure, further enhancing quality of life.

On the other hand, critics of unbridled economic growth highlight its detrimental impact on the environment. They argue that the pursuit of economic expansion often leads to deforestation, air and water pollution, and accelerated climate change. The industrialization of developing nations, while boosting their economies, has contributed significantly to global carbon emissions. Furthermore, the exploitation of natural resources to fuel economic growth can lead to habitat destruction and biodiversity loss, threatening the delicate balance of our ecosystems.

In my opinion, the solution lies not in choosing between economic growth and environmental protection, but in finding a way to balance these competing interests. Sustainable development, which promotes economic growth while safeguarding the environment, offers a viable path forward. This approach encourages the adoption of clean technologies, renewable energy sources, and circular economy practices. Developing nations can learn from the mistakes of industrialized countries and leapfrog to more sustainable models of growth.

In conclusion, while economic growth is undeniably important for reducing poverty and hunger, it must not come at the cost of irreversible environmental damage. By embracing sustainable development principles, nations can achieve economic progress while preserving the planet for future generations. This balanced approach is essential for creating a world that is both prosperous and environmentally sound.

(Word count: 329)

Sample Essay 2: Band 6-7 Response

The question of whether economic growth is the solution to poverty or a threat to the environment is a complex one. This essay will discuss both sides of the argument and give my opinion.

On one hand, economic growth can help reduce poverty and hunger in developing countries. When the economy grows, more jobs are created, and people can earn more money. This means they can buy food and other necessities. For example, in countries like India and China, economic growth has helped many people improve their living conditions. Also, when countries have more money, they can spend more on things like healthcare and education, which helps people in the long term.

However, economic growth can also harm the environment. As countries develop, they often build more factories and use more resources, which can lead to pollution and damage to nature. For instance, many developing countries are cutting down forests to make way for agriculture and industry. This destroys habitats for animals and contributes to climate change. Additionally, increased production often leads to more waste and greenhouse gas emissions, which are bad for the planet.

In my opinion, we need to find a balance between economic growth and protecting the environment. I believe that developing countries should focus on sustainable development. This means growing their economies in ways that don’t harm the environment too much. For example, they could invest in clean energy sources like solar and wind power instead of relying on fossil fuels. They could also implement stricter environmental regulations to prevent excessive pollution.

To conclude, while economic growth is important for reducing poverty, we must also consider its impact on the environment. By adopting sustainable practices, countries can improve their economies without causing too much damage to nature. This approach is crucial for the well-being of both people and the planet.

(Word count: 295)

Key Writing Tips for This Topic

1. Structure: Ensure a clear introduction, separate paragraphs for each viewpoint, and a conclusion with your opinion.

2. Vocabulary: Use a range of topic-specific vocabulary. For Band 8-9, incorporate more sophisticated terms and phrases. For Band 6-7, focus on clear, relevant vocabulary.

3. Grammar: Higher band scores require complex sentence structures and a variety of tenses. Lower band scores should prioritize grammatical accuracy with simpler structures.

4. Cohesion: Use linking words and phrases to connect ideas smoothly. Higher band scores should demonstrate more subtle and varied cohesive devices.

5. Examples: Provide relevant examples to support your arguments. Higher band scores should include more specific and well-elaborated examples.

Essential Vocabulary

1. Urbanization (noun) /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən/: The process of making an area more urban
2. Sustainable development (noun) /səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈveləpmənt/: Economic development conducted without depletion of natural resources
3. Ecosystem (noun) /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
4. Biodiversity (noun) /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/: The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat
5. Renewable energy (noun) /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/: Energy from a source that is not depleted when used
6. Carbon emissions (noun) /ˈkɑːbən ɪˈmɪʃənz/: The release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
7. Deforestation (noun) /diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/: The action of clearing a wide area of trees
8. Industrialization (noun) /ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/: The development of industries in a country on a wide scale
9. Circular economy (noun) /ˈsɜːkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi/: An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources
10. Climate change (noun) /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/: Long-term shifts in global weather patterns and average temperatures

Conclusion

The impact of urbanization on the environment is a crucial topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. By understanding the key arguments and using appropriate vocabulary and structures, you can craft compelling essays on this subject. Remember to practice writing essays on related topics, such as:

• The role of government in environmental protection
• Balancing economic development with conservation efforts
• The impact of population growth on urban environments
• Sustainable urban planning and its challenges

We encourage you to write your own essay based on the question provided and share it in the comments section. This practice will help you refine your writing skills and prepare effectively for the IELTS exam. Good luck with your preparation!