Climate change impacts on coastal cities has become an increasingly common topic in IELTS Writing Task 2 essays, appearing frequently in recent years. Based on analysis of past exam questions, this theme has appeared in various forms, particularly in problem-solution and discussion essays. Let’s examine one recent question and analyze multiple sample responses across different band scores.
12. The effects of climate change on coastal cities demonstrates how this topic intersects with various environmental and social issues.
Some people believe that coastal cities face severe challenges due to rising sea levels caused by global warming. What problems does this create, and what measures can be taken to address these issues?
Question Analysis
- Topic: Climate change effects on coastal cities
- Focus: Problems and solutions
- Two main parts:
- Problems caused by rising sea levels
- Solutions to address these challenges
Rising sea levels threatening coastal infrastructure and communities
Band 8-9 Sample Essay
Rising sea levels pose existential threats to coastal cities worldwide, creating numerous challenges that require urgent attention and comprehensive solutions. This essay will examine the main problems caused by this phenomenon and suggest potential measures to address them.
The primary issues facing coastal urban areas are both immediate and long-term. Firstly, rising seas directly threaten infrastructure and property, leading to increased flooding and erosion that damage buildings, roads, and essential utilities. Secondly, saltwater intrusion compromises freshwater aquifers, jeopardizing water security for millions of urban residents. Moreover, these environmental changes often result in population displacement and economic disruption, as shown in cities like effects of climate change on rural jobs.
To address these challenges, both preventive and adaptive measures are crucial. On the prevention side, cities must invest in robust coastal defense systems, including sea walls, storm surge barriers, and natural buffers like mangrove forests. Additionally, urban planning should incorporate climate resilience, with new developments restricted in high-risk areas and existing infrastructure modified to withstand rising water levels. The success of such approaches is evident in cities like Rotterdam, where innovative water management systems have effectively protected urban areas from flooding.
Furthermore, long-term sustainability requires global cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and slow sea-level rise. Cities can contribute by implementing green transportation systems, promoting renewable energy use, and adopting sustainable building practices. These efforts should be complemented by public education programs to raise awareness and encourage community participation in climate action initiatives.
Band 6-7 Sample Essay
Rising sea levels are causing big problems for coastal cities around the world. This essay will discuss these problems and some possible solutions.
The main problems caused by rising sea levels are flooding and damage to buildings. When the sea level goes up, many coastal areas get flooded more often, which damages houses and roads. Also, effects of global warming on ocean ecosystems can affect fishing communities in these cities. Another problem is that many people have to leave their homes because of flooding, which costs a lot of money.
There are several things that can be done to solve these problems. First, cities can build walls to stop the water from coming in. They can also make better drainage systems to handle more water. Additionally, governments should make rules about where people can build new houses to keep them safe from flooding. The effects of climate change on tourism in coastal regions shows why these measures are important.
Key Vocabulary
- Existential (adj) /ɪɡˈzɪstənʃəl/ – threatening existence
- Infrastructure (n) /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃər/ – basic physical structures
- Intrusion (n) /ɪnˈtruːʒən/ – unwanted entry
- Resilience (n) /rɪˈzɪliəns/ – ability to recover
- Aquifer (n) /ˈækwɪfər/ – underground water source
Conclusion
The topic of climate change impacts on coastal cities remains crucial for IELTS candidates. Practice writing essays on related themes like coastal erosion, marine ecosystem changes, and urban adaptation strategies. Share your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and improvement suggestions.
