IELTS Writing Task 2: The Effects of Climate Change on Water Scarcity – Sample Essays and Analysis

Climate change and its impact on water resources is a pressing global issue that has been appearing with increasing frequency in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. Based on recent trends, we can expect this topic to remain highly relevant in future IELTS exams. Let’s examine a sample question that reflects this important theme:

Some people believe that climate change is the main cause of water scarcity in many parts of the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Analyzing the Question

This question requires candidates to consider the relationship between climate change and water scarcity. Key points to address include:

• The extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement
• The connection between climate change and water availability
• Other potential causes of water scarcity
• Supporting evidence and examples

Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)

Climate change is undeniably a significant contributor to water scarcity in numerous regions worldwide, and I largely agree that it is the primary cause of this growing crisis. The intricate relationship between global warming and water availability has far-reaching consequences that exacerbate existing water shortages and create new challenges in previously water-rich areas.

Firstly, climate change directly impacts the hydrological cycle, altering precipitation patterns and intensifying extreme weather events. Rising global temperatures lead to increased evaporation rates, resulting in more frequent and severe droughts in many parts of the world. For instance, the prolonged drought in California from 2011 to 2017 was exacerbated by climate change-induced temperature increases, severely depleting water resources and affecting agriculture, ecosystems, and urban water supplies.

Furthermore, climate change accelerates glacial melting, which initially may increase water flow but ultimately leads to long-term water scarcity. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region, often referred to as the “Third Pole,” is experiencing rapid glacial retreat due to global warming. This phenomenon threatens the water security of over 1.9 billion people across eight countries who rely on the glacial meltwater for their freshwater supply.

However, it is important to acknowledge that other factors also contribute to water scarcity. Rapid population growth, urbanization, and inefficient water management practices exacerbate the problem in many regions. For example, in India, overexploitation of groundwater resources for agriculture has led to significant depletion of aquifers, compounding the effects of climate change on water availability.

In conclusion, while climate change is not the sole cause of water scarcity, its pervasive and intensifying effects make it the primary driver of this global crisis. Addressing water scarcity effectively requires a multifaceted approach that prioritizes climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies alongside sustainable water management practices.

(Word count: 296)

Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)

I agree to a large extent that climate change is the main reason for water scarcity in many parts of the world. Climate change has a big impact on water availability and is making water problems worse in many places.

One way climate change causes water scarcity is by changing rainfall patterns. In some areas, there is less rain than before, which means less water for people to use. For example, in parts of Africa, droughts are becoming more common because of climate change, and this makes it hard for people to get enough water for their daily needs and for farming.

Another problem is that climate change is making glaciers melt faster. This might seem good at first because it gives more water, but in the long run, it means less water will be available. In places like the Himalayas, melting glaciers are a big worry because many people depend on this water.

However, climate change is not the only cause of water scarcity. Other things like population growth and poor water management also play a role. In some cities, the number of people is increasing quickly, which puts pressure on water supplies. Also, in some places, water is not used efficiently, which makes the problem worse.

In conclusion, while there are other factors involved, I believe climate change is the main cause of water scarcity in many parts of the world. It affects water availability in many ways and is making water problems more serious globally.

(Word count: 249)

Climate change impact on water resources

Key Points to Remember When Writing

1. Structure: Both essays follow a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The Band 8-9 essay demonstrates more sophisticated paragraph development and cohesion.

2. Vocabulary: The Band 8-9 essay uses more advanced vocabulary and phrases such as “exacerbate,” “hydrological cycle,” and “pervasive.” The Band 6-7 essay uses simpler language but still effectively communicates the main ideas.

3. Grammar: The higher band essay showcases a wider range of grammatical structures, including complex sentences and passive voice. The Band 6-7 essay uses simpler sentence structures but maintains grammatical accuracy.

4. Task Response: Both essays address the question directly, but the Band 8-9 essay provides more detailed examples and a more nuanced perspective on the issue.

5. Coherence and Cohesion: The Band 8-9 essay demonstrates stronger paragraph links and a more logical flow of ideas. The Band 6-7 essay is also coherent but with less sophisticated linking devices.

Essential Vocabulary

1. Water scarcity (noun) /ˈwɔːtə ˈskeəsɪti/ – Lack of sufficient available water resources
2. Exacerbate (verb) /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/ – Make a problem worse
3. Precipitation (noun) /prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn/ – Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground
4. Drought (noun) /draʊt/ – A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall
5. Glacial retreat (noun phrase) /ˈɡleɪʃl rɪˈtriːt/ – The process of glaciers shrinking in size
6. Aquifer (noun) /ˈækwɪfə(r)/ – An underground layer of water-bearing rock
7. Hydrological cycle (noun phrase) /ˌhaɪdrəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈsaɪkl/ – The continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere
8. Urbanization (noun) /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ – The process of making an area more urban

In conclusion, the effects of climate change on water scarcity are likely to remain a crucial topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. To prepare for similar questions, consider practicing with variations such as:

• Discuss the most effective solutions to address water scarcity caused by climate change.
• Compare the impact of climate change on water resources in developed and developing countries.
• Evaluate the role of international cooperation in managing water scarcity in the face of climate change.

We encourage you to practice writing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments section below. This active practice will help you improve your writing skills and prepare for the IELTS exam.