Genetic modification is a topic that frequently appears in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams, particularly under the broader themes of science, technology, and ethics. Based on past exam trends and the increasing relevance of this subject in modern society, it’s highly likely that questions related to the ethical considerations of genetic modification will continue to feature in future IELTS tests.
Let’s examine a common IELTS Writing Task 2 question on this topic:
Some people think that scientists should be allowed to conduct experiments on human genes to create humans with enhanced abilities. Others believe that such experiments are unethical and should be banned. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Analyzing the Question
This question requires you to:
- Discuss the viewpoint supporting genetic experiments on humans
- Discuss the viewpoint against such experiments
- Provide your own opinion on the matter
It’s crucial to address all parts of the question to achieve a high band score. Let’s look at two sample essays, one targeting a Band 8-9 score and another for a Band 6-7 score.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
Genetic modification of human beings is a contentious issue that has sparked heated debates in scientific and ethical circles. While some argue for the potential benefits of enhancing human abilities through genetic experimentation, others contend that such practices cross ethical boundaries. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint.
Proponents of genetic experimentation on humans argue that it could lead to significant advancements in human capabilities and health. They believe that by modifying genes, scientists could potentially eradicate genetic diseases, enhance cognitive abilities, or even extend human lifespans. This perspective is rooted in the idea that scientific progress should not be hindered, and that the potential benefits to humanity outweigh the ethical concerns. Moreover, supporters argue that controlled and regulated experiments could lead to breakthroughs that improve the quality of life for millions of people.
On the other hand, opponents of such experiments argue that tampering with human genes is unethical and potentially dangerous. They contend that genetic modification could lead to unforeseen consequences, exacerbate social inequalities, and fundamentally alter what it means to be human. There are concerns about the creation of “designer babies” and the potential for genetic discrimination. Furthermore, critics argue that once the door to human genetic modification is opened, it may be difficult to control its applications, potentially leading to a dystopian future where genetic enhancements are available only to the wealthy.
In my opinion, while the potential benefits of genetic experimentation are compelling, the ethical risks and potential for misuse are too great to ignore. I believe that strict regulations should be in place to limit genetic experiments on humans to therapeutic purposes only, such as curing genetic diseases. Enhancing human abilities beyond natural limits crosses an ethical line and could lead to unforeseen societal problems. Instead, resources should be focused on improving healthcare, education, and living conditions to enhance human potential through proven, ethical means.
In conclusion, while genetic experimentation on humans presents potential benefits, the ethical considerations and risks of misuse are significant. A balanced approach that allows for therapeutic genetic interventions while prohibiting enhancement-focused experiments would be the most responsible path forward. (329 words)
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
The topic of genetic modification in humans is very controversial. Some people think it’s a good idea to allow scientists to do experiments to make humans better, while others think it’s wrong and should not be allowed. In this essay, I will discuss both sides and give my opinion.
People who support genetic experiments on humans say it could help make people healthier and smarter. They think that by changing genes, scientists might be able to stop genetic diseases or make people live longer. This could be good for society because it might solve some big health problems. Also, they believe that science should move forward and not be stopped by fears.
However, many people are against these experiments. They think it’s not right to change human genes because it might cause problems we don’t know about yet. There are worries that it could make society unfair if only rich people can afford to have “better” genes. Some people also think it’s wrong to change what makes us human and that it could lead to discrimination based on genes.
I think that while genetic experiments could have some benefits, it’s too risky and could cause many problems. I believe it’s better to focus on improving health and education for everyone instead of trying to change human genes. Maybe it’s okay to use genetic science to cure diseases, but making “super humans” seems wrong to me.
In conclusion, genetic experiments on humans is a difficult topic with good and bad points. I think it’s important to be very careful with this kind of science and not allow experiments that could change human nature too much. (269 words)
Writing Tips for This Topic
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Vocabulary: Use scientific and ethical terminology accurately. For higher band scores, incorporate more sophisticated vocabulary related to genetics and ethics.
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Grammar: Employ a mix of simple and complex sentence structures. Higher band essays should demonstrate a wider range of grammatical constructions.
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Structure: Ensure a clear introduction, body paragraphs addressing both viewpoints, and a conclusion with your opinion. Higher band essays should have more nuanced arguments and smoother transitions between ideas.
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Cohesion: Use linking words and phrases to connect ideas within and between paragraphs. More advanced essays should use a variety of cohesive devices seamlessly.
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Task Response: Address all parts of the question fully. Higher band essays should provide more detailed examples and explanations to support their arguments.
Key Vocabulary to Remember
- Genetic modification (noun) – /dʒəˈnetɪk ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ – The process of altering an organism’s genetic material
- Ethical considerations (noun phrase) – /ˈeθɪkəl kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃənz/ – Moral factors to be taken into account
- Enhanced abilities (noun phrase) – /ɪnˈhɑːnst əˈbɪlətiz/ – Improved or augmented capabilities
- Contentious (adjective) – /kənˈtenʃəs/ – Causing or likely to cause disagreement
- Eradicate (verb) – /ɪˈrædɪkeɪt/ – To completely destroy or eliminate
- Dystopian (adjective) – /dɪsˈtəʊpiən/ – Relating to an imagined state or society where there is great suffering or injustice
- Therapeutic (adjective) – /ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk/ – Relating to the treatment of disease or disorders
- Exacerbate (verb) – /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/ – To make a problem or situation worse
- Unforeseen consequences (noun phrase) – /ˌʌnfɔːˈsiːn ˈkɒnsɪkwənsɪz/ – Unexpected results or effects
- Designer babies (noun phrase) – /dɪˈzaɪnə ˈbeɪbiz/ – Babies whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected
In conclusion, the ethical considerations of genetic modification remain a relevant and challenging topic for IELTS Writing Task 2. As you prepare for your exam, consider practicing with similar questions such as:
- Should governments regulate genetic research on humans? Why or why not?
- Do the potential benefits of genetic modification outweigh the risks? Discuss.
- How might genetic modification affect society in the future?
Remember to structure your essays clearly, use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures, and fully address all parts of the question. Feel free to practice writing an essay on this topic and share it in the comments section for feedback and discussion. Good luck with your IELTS preparation!