The ethical considerations of stem cell research is a complex and thought-provoking topic that has appeared in IELTS Writing Task 2 several times in recent years. Given its relevance to current scientific and ethical debates, it’s likely to continue being a popular subject for future exams. Let’s explore this topic in depth and prepare you for potential questions you might encounter.
Analyzing the Topic
Stem cell research is a controversial field that raises numerous ethical questions. It involves the use of human embryos, which some consider a violation of human dignity. However, it also holds immense potential for medical breakthroughs. This topic tests your ability to discuss complex ethical issues, weigh different perspectives, and present a balanced argument.
Sample Question and Analysis
Let’s focus on a question that has appeared in recent IELTS exams:
Some people think that it is acceptable to use stem cell technology to find cures for diseases, while others believe this technology should be banned. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
This question requires you to:
- Discuss arguments in favor of stem cell research
- Explore reasons why some oppose this technology
- Present your own viewpoint on the issue
Now, let’s look at two sample essays addressing this question – one aiming for a Band 8-9 score, and another for a Band 6-7 score.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
Stem cell research has emerged as a groundbreaking field in medical science, offering potential cures for previously incurable diseases. However, it has also ignited fierce ethical debates. This essay will examine both perspectives on this contentious issue and present my own stance.
Proponents of stem cell research argue that its potential benefits to humanity are immense. Stem cells have the unique ability to develop into various cell types, making them invaluable in treating degenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Moreover, they could revolutionize organ transplantation, potentially saving countless lives. Supporters contend that the ethical use of discarded embryos from fertility clinics for research purposes is justified if it leads to such significant medical advancements.
On the other hand, opponents raise serious ethical concerns. The primary objection stems from the belief that life begins at conception, making the use of embryonic stem cells equivalent to destroying human life. This view is particularly strong among certain religious groups and pro-life advocates. Additionally, there are concerns about the commercialization of human embryos and the potential exploitation of women for their eggs. Critics argue that alternative methods, such as adult stem cell research, should be prioritized to avoid these ethical dilemmas.
In my opinion, while the ethical concerns surrounding stem cell research are valid and deserve careful consideration, the potential benefits are too significant to ignore. I believe that strict regulatory frameworks can be implemented to ensure ethical practices in stem cell research. This could include using only embryos that would otherwise be discarded, obtaining informed consent from donors, and prohibiting the creation of embryos solely for research purposes. Furthermore, continued investment in alternative stem cell sources, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, could address many ethical concerns while still advancing the field.
In conclusion, the debate over stem cell research highlights the complex intersection of science, ethics, and human values. While respecting the concerns of those opposed to this technology, I believe that carefully regulated stem cell research should be allowed to continue, given its potential to alleviate human suffering and advance medical science.
(Word count: 329)
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
Stem cell research is a topic that many people have different opinions about. Some think it’s good because it can help cure diseases, while others believe it should not be allowed because of ethical reasons. This essay will look at both sides and give my opinion.
People who support stem cell research say it can help find cures for many diseases. Stem cells are special because they can turn into different types of cells in the body. This means they could be used to replace damaged cells in diseases like Parkinson’s or help people who need new organs. Supporters think that if we can use stem cells to save lives, we should do it.
However, there are also people who are against stem cell research. Their main worry is that it uses human embryos, which they believe is the same as destroying a human life. Some religious groups are especially against this. They also worry that it might lead to people selling embryos or eggs, which they think is wrong.
In my opinion, I think stem cell research should be allowed, but with strict rules. The possibility of curing diseases and saving lives is very important. However, we need to make sure it’s done in an ethical way. For example, we could only use embryos that would be thrown away anyway from fertility clinics. We should also look for other ways to get stem cells that don’t use embryos.
To conclude, stem cell research is a difficult issue because it involves science and ethics. While I understand why some people are against it, I believe that if it’s done carefully and ethically, it can bring a lot of benefits to medicine and help many people.
(Word count: 278)
Writing Tips for This Topic
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Understand the question: Make sure you address all parts of the question – in this case, discussing both viewpoints and giving your opinion.
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Use appropriate vocabulary: For Band 8-9, use sophisticated vocabulary related to the topic. For Band 6-7, use simpler but accurate terms.
Band 8-9: “groundbreaking”, “contentious”, “degenerative diseases”, “commercialization”
Band 6-7: “special”, “damaged cells”, “strict rules” -
Paragraph structure: Both essays follow a clear structure – introduction, arguments for, arguments against, personal opinion, and conclusion.
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Cohesion and coherence: Use linking words to connect ideas. The Band 8-9 essay uses more sophisticated transitions, while the Band 6-7 essay uses simpler ones.
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Grammar and sentence structure: The Band 8-9 essay uses more complex structures, while the Band 6-7 essay uses simpler, but still correct, sentences.
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Develop ideas: The Band 8-9 essay provides more detailed explanations and examples, while the Band 6-7 essay gives basic but relevant points.
Key Vocabulary to Remember
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Stem cells (noun) /stɛm sɛlz/ – Undifferentiated cells that can develop into various cell types.
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Embryonic (adjective) /ˌɛmbrɪˈɒnɪk/ – Relating to an embryo or the development of an embryo.
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Ethical (adjective) /ˈɛθɪkl/ – Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.
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Regenerative medicine (noun) /rɪˈdʒɛnərətɪv ˈmɛdsɪn/ – A branch of medicine that develops methods to regrow, repair or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissues.
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Pluripotent (adjective) /plʊəˈrɒtənt/ – (Of a cell) capable of giving rise to several different cell types.
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Bioethics (noun) /ˌbaɪəʊˈɛθɪks/ – The study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine.
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Differentiation (noun) /ˌdɪfəˌrɛnʃɪˈeɪʃən/ – The process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions.
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In vitro fertilization (noun) /ɪn ˈviːtrəʊ ˌfɜːtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ – A process by which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body.
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Therapeutic cloning (noun) /ˌθɛrəˈpjuːtɪk ˈkləʊnɪŋ/ – The production of stem cells for use in medical treatments.
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Informed consent (noun) /ɪnˈfɔːmd kənˈsɛnt/ – Permission granted in full knowledge of the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment.
Conclusion
The ethical considerations of stem cell research present a challenging but important topic for IELTS Writing Task 2. To excel in writing about this subject, focus on presenting balanced arguments, using appropriate vocabulary, and structuring your essay clearly. Remember to practice with various questions related to this topic, such as:
- Do you think the potential benefits of stem cell research outweigh the ethical concerns?
- Should governments invest more in stem cell research? Why or why not?
- How can we balance scientific progress with ethical considerations in medical research?
We encourage you to practice writing essays on these topics and share them in the comments section below. This active practice will help improve your writing skills and prepare you for success in your IELTS exam. Good luck with your preparation!