The Ethical Considerations of Surrogacy in IELTS Writing Task 2: Sample Essays and Analysis

Surrogacy is a complex and controversial topic that has been appearing with increasing frequency in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. As an ethically charged issue, it presents an excellent opportunity for test-takers to demonstrate their ability to discuss multiple perspectives and present a well-reasoned argument. Based on recent trends, we can expect to see more questions related to the ethical considerations of surrogacy in future IELTS exams.

Let’s examine a relevant IELTS Writing Task 2 question that has appeared in recent tests:

Some people believe that surrogacy, where a woman carries and gives birth to a baby for another couple or person, should be encouraged as it helps childless couples. Others feel it should be banned. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Analysis of the Question

This question requires you to:

1. Discuss arguments in favor of surrogacy
2. Discuss arguments against surrogacy
3. Present your own opinion on the matter

The key challenge here is to present a balanced discussion of both viewpoints before offering your personal stance. Remember to use specific examples and relevant vocabulary to support your arguments.

Sample Essay for Band 8-9

Surrogacy, the practice of a woman carrying a child for another person or couple, has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. While some argue that it should be encouraged as a solution for infertile couples, others believe it should be prohibited due to ethical concerns. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own view on this contentious issue.

Proponents of surrogacy argue that it offers a valuable opportunity for childless couples to experience parenthood. For many individuals struggling with infertility, surrogacy represents their only chance to have a genetically related child. Moreover, supporters contend that surrogacy arrangements, when properly regulated, can be mutually beneficial for all parties involved. The intended parents fulfill their dream of having a child, while the surrogate mother may receive financial compensation and the satisfaction of helping others.

On the other hand, critics of surrogacy raise significant ethical concerns. They argue that the practice commodifies human life and exploits vulnerable women, particularly in developing countries where financial incentives may lead to coercion. There are also concerns about the psychological impact on surrogate mothers, who may develop emotional attachments to the babies they carry. Additionally, opponents worry about the potential legal complications that can arise from surrogacy arrangements, such as custody disputes or the surrogate mother changing her mind.

In my opinion, while I recognize the desire of infertile couples to have children, I believe that the ethical risks associated with surrogacy outweigh its potential benefits. The commercialization of childbirth raises profound moral questions about the value we place on human life and the potential for exploitation. Instead, I would advocate for promoting adoption as a more ethical alternative for those unable to conceive naturally. Adoption not only provides loving homes for existing children in need but also avoids the ethical quandaries inherent in surrogacy.

In conclusion, surrogacy is a complex issue with valid arguments on both sides. However, given the significant ethical concerns it raises, I believe that encouraging adoption and investing in medical research to address infertility would be more responsible approaches to helping childless couples.

(Word count: 329)

Ethical surrogacy debate

Sample Essay for Band 6-7

Surrogacy is a topic that many people have different opinions about. Some think it’s a good way to help couples who can’t have children, while others believe it should not be allowed. This essay will look at both sides and give my own thoughts.

People who support surrogacy say it’s helpful for couples who can’t have babies on their own. For example, if a woman can’t carry a baby, surrogacy gives her a chance to have a child that is genetically related to her or her partner. Surrogacy can make these couples very happy because they can finally become parents. Also, some people argue that surrogates can benefit from the arrangement by earning money or feeling good about helping others.

However, there are also arguments against surrogacy. Some people worry that it turns babies into products that can be bought and sold. There are concerns that poor women might be forced to become surrogates because they need money. This could be especially problematic in poorer countries. Another issue is that surrogacy can be complicated legally, and there might be problems if the surrogate mother changes her mind about giving up the baby.

In my opinion, I think surrogacy is a difficult issue. While I understand why some couples want to use surrogacy, I’m worried about the potential problems it can cause. I think it would be better to focus on other ways to help people become parents, like making adoption easier or improving medical treatments for infertility. These options seem less risky and don’t have as many ethical problems.

To conclude, surrogacy has both good and bad points. It can help some couples have children, but it also raises important ethical questions. I believe we should be careful about encouraging surrogacy and look at other options to help people who want to be parents.

(Word count: 309)

Key Points to Remember When Writing About Surrogacy

1. Vocabulary: Use a range of vocabulary related to the topic. For band 8-9, include more sophisticated terms such as “commodification,” “exploitation,” and “ethical quandaries.” For band 6-7, simpler terms like “forced,” “complicated,” and “problems” are appropriate.

2. Grammar: For higher bands, use a variety of complex structures. For example:

   • Conditional sentences: “If surrogacy were to be banned, many couples might be left without options.”
   • Passive voice: “Surrogacy arrangements are often criticized for exploiting vulnerable women.”

   For band 6-7, focus on using correct simple and compound sentences, with some attempts at complex structures.

3. Structure: Ensure your essay has a clear introduction, body paragraphs discussing both viewpoints, and a conclusion that summarizes your opinion. Use linking words to connect ideas smoothly.

4. Balance: Present both sides of the argument fairly before giving your opinion. This demonstrates critical thinking skills.

5. Examples: Use specific examples to support your points. For instance, you could mention countries where surrogacy is legal or banned to illustrate different approaches.

Challenging Vocabulary to Remember

1. Altruistic (adjective) /ˌæl.truːˈɪs.tɪk/: Showing a selfless concern for others.
   Example: Some women become surrogates for altruistic reasons, not for financial gain.

2. Commodification (noun) /kəˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/: The process of treating something as a commodity that can be bought and sold.
   Example: Critics argue that surrogacy leads to the commodification of human life.

3. Exploitation (noun) /ˌek.splɔɪˈteɪ.ʃən/: The act of using someone unfairly for your own advantage.
   Example: There are concerns about the potential exploitation of surrogate mothers in developing countries.

4. Infertility (noun) /ɪnˈfɜː.təl.ə.ti/: The inability to conceive children.
   Example: Surrogacy is often seen as a solution for couples struggling with infertility.

5. Ethical (adjective) /ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/: Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.
   Example: The ethical implications of surrogacy are widely debated.

6. Coercion (noun) /kəʊˈɜː.ʃən/: The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
   Example: Some worry that financial incentives in surrogacy arrangements may lead to coercion.

7. Gestation (noun) /dʒeˈsteɪ.ʃən/: The process of carrying a child during pregnancy.
   Example: Surrogate mothers undergo the entire gestation period on behalf of the intended parents.

In conclusion, the ethical considerations of surrogacy present a challenging but rewarding topic for IELTS Writing Task 2. By understanding the key arguments, using appropriate vocabulary, and structuring your essay effectively, you can demonstrate your ability to discuss complex issues in English. Remember to practice writing essays on this topic, considering different angles such as the rights of the child, international surrogacy laws, or the impact of technology on reproductive choices. Feel free to share your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and further discussion!