Gene editing is a rapidly evolving field in biotechnology that raises numerous ethical concerns. As an IELTS examiner, I’ve noticed an increasing trend of questions related to this topic in recent years. It’s highly likely that you’ll encounter a task about the ethical implications of gene editing in your IELTS Writing Task 2. Let’s explore a sample question and learn how to craft a compelling essay on this subject.
Analyzing the Question
Some people believe that gene editing in humans should be allowed to cure genetic diseases. Others think this technology is dangerous and should be banned. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
This question presents a controversial topic that requires you to:
- Discuss arguments for allowing gene editing to cure genetic diseases
- Explore reasons why some believe gene editing should be banned
- Provide your personal opinion on the matter
Sample Essay (Band 8-9)
Here’s a high-scoring sample essay that addresses all parts of the question:
Gene editing, particularly in humans, has become a hotly debated topic in recent years. While some advocate for its use in curing genetic diseases, others argue that it poses significant risks and should be prohibited. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint.
Proponents of gene editing argue that it offers unprecedented opportunities to eliminate hereditary diseases. By modifying faulty genes, scientists could potentially eradicate conditions like cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, and certain types of cancer. This would not only alleviate immense suffering for individuals and families but also reduce the economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Moreover, supporters contend that denying access to such life-changing technology would be ethically questionable, as it could prevent countless people from living healthy, fulfilling lives.
On the other hand, critics raise valid concerns about the potential dangers and ethical implications of gene editing. One primary argument is that altering the human genome could have unforeseen consequences on future generations, potentially introducing new genetic problems or disrupting the delicate balance of our ecosystem. Additionally, there are fears that gene editing technology could be misused for non-medical purposes, such as creating “designer babies” with enhanced physical or cognitive abilities. This could exacerbate existing social inequalities and lead to discrimination based on genetic traits.
In my opinion, while the concerns surrounding gene editing are legitimate, the potential benefits outweigh the risks. I believe that with proper regulation and ethical guidelines, gene editing could revolutionize medicine and improve countless lives. However, it is crucial to implement strict oversight and limit its use to treating severe genetic disorders. By focusing on therapeutic applications rather than enhancement, we can harness the power of gene editing while minimizing potential misuse.
In conclusion, the debate over gene editing in humans is complex and multifaceted. While it offers tremendous potential for curing genetic diseases, it also raises significant ethical and safety concerns. Ultimately, I believe that carefully regulated gene editing for medical purposes should be allowed, as it has the potential to alleviate immense suffering and improve human health on a global scale.
(Word count: 329)
Ethical implications of gene editing
Sample Essay (Band 6-7)
Here’s a sample essay that would typically score in the Band 6-7 range:
Gene editing in humans is a controversial topic that has both supporters and critics. This essay will discuss both views and give my opinion.
People who support gene editing say it can help cure genetic diseases. This means doctors could fix genes that cause problems like cystic fibrosis or some types of cancer. This would help many people live healthier lives and not suffer from these diseases. It could also save money for healthcare systems because there would be fewer sick people to treat.
However, other people think gene editing is dangerous and should not be allowed. They worry that changing human genes might cause problems we don’t know about yet. These problems could affect future generations. Also, some people are concerned that gene editing might be used to make “perfect” babies, which could create unfair advantages for rich people who can afford it.
In my opinion, I think gene editing should be allowed but only for medical reasons. It could help many people who have serious genetic diseases. However, there should be strict rules about how it can be used. Scientists and doctors should only use gene editing to treat diseases, not to change things like eye color or intelligence.
To conclude, gene editing has both good and bad points. While it could help cure diseases, it also has risks. I believe it should be allowed for medical use only, with careful rules to prevent misuse.
(Word count: 251)
Key Writing Tips
Structure: Both essays follow a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs discussing different viewpoints, and a conclusion with the writer’s opinion.
Vocabulary: The Band 8-9 essay uses more sophisticated vocabulary and phrases, such as “unprecedented opportunities,” “exacerbate existing social inequalities,” and “multifaceted.” The Band 6-7 essay uses simpler language but still conveys the main ideas effectively.
Grammar: The higher-scoring essay demonstrates a wider range of grammatical structures, including complex sentences and passive voice. The Band 6-7 essay uses mostly simple and compound sentences.
Coherence and Cohesion: Both essays use linking words and phrases to connect ideas, but the Band 8-9 essay does so more smoothly and variedly.
Task Response: Both essays address all parts of the question, but the Band 8-9 essay provides more detailed and nuanced arguments.
Key Vocabulary for Gene Editing Essays
Genetic engineering (noun) – /dʒəˈnetɪk endʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/ – The manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology
CRISPR (noun) – /ˈkrɪspər/ – A gene-editing tool that allows for precise modifications of DNA sequences
Bioethics (noun) – /ˌbaɪəʊˈeθɪks/ – The study of ethical issues arising from biological and medical research
Germline editing (noun) – /ˈdʒɜːmlaɪn ˈedɪtɪŋ/ – Genetic modifications that can be passed on to future generations
Somatic gene therapy (noun) – /səʊˈmætɪk dʒiːn ˈθerəpi/ – Gene editing that affects only the individual being treated, not their offspring
Designer babies (noun) – /dɪˈzaɪnər ˈbeɪbiz/ – Genetically modified embryos with selected traits
Genome (noun) – /ˈdʒiːnəʊm/ – The complete set of genetic information in an organism
Hereditary (adjective) – /hɪˈredɪtəri/ – Genetically transmitted from parent to offspring
Eugenics (noun) – /juːˈdʒenɪks/ – The practice of improving the genetic quality of the human population (often considered unethical)
Therapeutic (adjective) – /ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk/ – Relating to the treatment of disease or disorders
Conclusion
The ethical implications of gene editing are likely to remain a popular topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. To prepare, practice writing essays on related subjects such as:
- The potential long-term effects of gene editing on human evolution
- The role of government regulation in genetic engineering research
- The ethical considerations of using gene editing for human enhancement rather than disease treatment
- The impact of gene editing on biodiversity and ecological balance
Remember to always analyze the question carefully, structure your essay logically, and use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures appropriate to your target band score. Feel free to practice writing an essay on this topic and share it in the comments section for feedback and discussion.