The topic of automation’s impact on low-income jobs has become increasingly relevant in recent years and is likely to appear more frequently in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. Based on an analysis of past IELTS exams and current trends, this theme has a high probability of being featured in future tests. Let’s explore a sample question and provide model essays for different band scores to help you prepare effectively.
Analyzing the Question
Some people think that the increasing use of automation (such as robots) to do work in many industries will cause severe unemployment among low-skilled workers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
This question asks for your opinion on whether increased automation will lead to significant unemployment among low-skilled workers. It’s crucial to:
- Clearly state your position
- Provide well-developed reasons and examples
- Consider potential counterarguments
- Use appropriate vocabulary and grammatical structures
Let’s look at sample essays for different band scores, starting with a high-scoring response.
Band 8-9 Sample Essay
The rapid advancement of automation technologies has sparked concerns about their potential to displace low-skilled workers across various industries. While I acknowledge the validity of these concerns, I believe that the impact of automation on low-income jobs will be more nuanced and not necessarily lead to severe unemployment.
Firstly, automation often creates new job opportunities even as it eliminates others. For instance, the introduction of ATMs in the banking sector initially reduced the need for bank tellers. However, it also allowed banks to open more branches, ultimately increasing overall employment in the industry. Similarly, e-commerce has revolutionized retail, but it has also generated numerous jobs in logistics, customer service, and data analysis.
Moreover, automation frequently augments human capabilities rather than entirely replacing workers. In manufacturing, robots may perform repetitive tasks, but human workers are still essential for quality control, maintenance, and problem-solving. This collaboration between humans and machines can lead to increased productivity and potentially higher wages for workers who adapt to new technologies.
However, it is crucial to acknowledge that certain low-skilled jobs are indeed at risk of obsolescence due to automation. For example, self-checkout systems in supermarkets and fast-food restaurants are reducing the need for cashiers. To mitigate this issue, governments and businesses must invest in retraining and upskilling programs to help workers transition to new roles or industries.
In conclusion, while automation poses challenges for some low-income jobs, its overall impact is likely to be more complex than simply causing widespread unemployment. The key lies in proactive measures to support workforce adaptation and ensure that the benefits of automation are shared across society. By focusing on education, skill development, and creating new opportunities, we can harness the potential of automation while minimizing its negative effects on low-skilled workers.
(Word count: 292)
Analysis of Band 8-9 Essay
This essay demonstrates the qualities of a high-scoring response:
- Clear position: The writer acknowledges concerns but argues that the impact will be nuanced.
- Well-developed arguments: Each paragraph presents a clear point supported by specific examples.
- Balanced view: The essay considers both positive and negative aspects of automation.
- Cohesive structure: Ideas flow logically, with effective use of linking words and phrases.
- Sophisticated vocabulary: The writer uses advanced terms like “nuanced,” “augments,” and “obsolescence.”
- Grammatical range: The essay employs a variety of complex structures accurately.
Band 6-7 Sample Essay
The increasing use of automation in many industries is a topic of concern for many people. Some believe that it will cause severe unemployment among low-skilled workers. I partially agree with this view, as automation does pose challenges for some jobs, but it also creates new opportunities.
On one hand, it’s true that automation can replace some low-skilled jobs. For example, in factories, robots can now do many tasks that humans used to do. This means fewer jobs for factory workers. Also, in supermarkets, self-checkout machines are becoming common, which might reduce the need for cashiers.
However, automation also creates new types of jobs. When companies use more technology, they need people to operate and maintain these machines. This can lead to new jobs that didn’t exist before. For instance, the growth of e-commerce has created many jobs in warehouses and delivery services.
Another point to consider is that automation can make some jobs easier and more productive. Instead of replacing workers completely, machines often help them do their jobs better. This can lead to companies growing and possibly hiring more people in different roles.
It’s important for workers to learn new skills to adapt to these changes. Governments and companies should provide training programs to help people learn how to work with new technologies. This can help reduce unemployment caused by automation.
In conclusion, while automation may cause some job losses in certain areas, it also creates new opportunities. The key is to prepare workers for these changes through education and training. By doing this, we can benefit from the advantages of automation while minimizing its negative effects on employment.
(Word count: 269)
Analysis of Band 6-7 Essay
This essay demonstrates the characteristics of a Band 6-7 response:
- Clear position: The writer partially agrees with the statement.
- Relevant ideas: The essay presents both positive and negative aspects of automation.
- Examples: Some examples are provided, though they could be more specific.
- Cohesion: The essay has a clear structure with some use of linking words.
- Vocabulary: The writer uses some topic-specific vocabulary, but less sophisticated than the Band 8-9 essay.
- Grammar: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentences, with generally good control.
Key Vocabulary for IELTS Writing on Automation and Employment
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Automation (noun) /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/: The use of machines and computers to do work that was previously done by people.
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Displace (verb) /dɪsˈpleɪs/: To take the place of someone or something, especially in a job or position.
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Obsolescence (noun) /ˌɒbsəˈlesns/: The process of becoming outdated and no longer used.
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Upskilling (noun) /ˈʌpˌskɪlɪŋ/: The process of learning new skills or teaching workers new skills.
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Augment (verb) /ɔːɡˈment/: To make something greater by adding to it.
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Productivity (noun) /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/: The rate at which goods are produced or work is completed.
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Transition (noun) /trænˈzɪʃn/: The process of changing from one state or condition to another.
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Mitigate (verb) /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/: To make something less severe, serious, or painful.
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Obsolete (adjective) /ˈɒbsəliːt/: No longer used because something new has been invented.
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Adapt (verb) /əˈdæpt/: To change behavior or ideas to suit a new situation.
Conclusion
The impact of automation on low-income jobs is a complex and evolving topic that is likely to appear in future IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. To prepare effectively, practice writing essays on related themes such as:
- The role of government in supporting workers affected by automation
- The potential benefits and drawbacks of a universal basic income in the age of automation
- The importance of lifelong learning in an increasingly automated workforce
Remember to analyze the question carefully, present a clear position, and support your arguments with relevant examples and explanations. By mastering these skills and familiarizing yourself with the topic, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle any question on automation and employment in your IELTS Writing Task 2.
We encourage you to practice writing an essay on this topic and share it in the comments section below. This active practice is an excellent way to improve your writing skills and get feedback from others preparing for the IELTS exam.