The IELTS Reading section is a crucial component of the test, assessing your ability to comprehend complex texts and extract relevant information. Today, we’ll focus on a topic that has been increasingly prevalent in recent years: “The impact of climate change on natural resources.” This subject has appeared in various forms in past IELTS exams and, given its ongoing relevance, is likely to continue featuring in future tests.
Based on our analysis of past IELTS exams and current global trends, we predict a high probability of encountering passages related to climate change and its effects on natural resources. Let’s dive into a practice exercise to help you prepare for this type of content in your IELTS Reading test.
Practice Exercise
Reading Passage
Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time, with far-reaching consequences for the planet’s natural resources. As global temperatures rise, we are witnessing dramatic shifts in weather patterns, ecosystems, and the availability of essential resources. This passage explores the multifaceted impact of climate change on our natural world.
One of the most visible effects of climate change is on water resources. Rising temperatures are altering precipitation patterns, leading to more frequent and severe droughts in some regions, while others experience increased flooding. These changes have significant implications for freshwater availability, affecting both human populations and ecosystems. For instance, melting glaciers, which serve as crucial water sources for millions of people, are retreating at unprecedented rates. This not only threatens water security but also disrupts the delicate balance of alpine ecosystems.
Forests, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” are also under threat from climate change. Warmer temperatures and altered rainfall patterns are making many forest areas more susceptible to wildfires, pests, and diseases. The Amazon rainforest, which plays a vital role in regulating global climate, has experienced record-breaking fires in recent years, partly due to drier conditions caused by climate change. As forests degrade, their capacity to absorb carbon dioxide diminishes, creating a feedback loop that further exacerbates global warming.
The impact on biodiversity is equally alarming. Many species are struggling to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Coral reefs, for example, are experiencing widespread bleaching events due to rising ocean temperatures and acidification. These vibrant ecosystems, home to countless marine species, are at risk of collapse. On land, shifting temperature zones are forcing many plant and animal species to migrate to new habitats, disrupting established ecosystems and potentially leading to extinctions.
Soil, a often overlooked but crucial natural resource, is also affected by climate change. Extreme weather events can lead to increased soil erosion, while changes in temperature and precipitation affect soil moisture and microbial activity. This has significant implications for agriculture, as soil health is fundamental to crop productivity. In some regions, desertification is accelerating, turning once-fertile lands into barren areas.
The effects of climate change on natural resources are not isolated; they interact in complex ways, often amplifying each other. For instance, deforestation can lead to soil erosion, which in turn affects water quality and availability. This interconnectedness underscores the need for comprehensive approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
As we grapple with these challenges, it’s clear that protecting our natural resources in the face of climate change requires urgent and coordinated action. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, implementing sustainable resource management practices, and developing innovative technologies to adapt to changing conditions. The future of our planet’s natural resources – and by extension, human well-being – depends on our ability to address the climate crisis effectively.
Questions
True/False/Not Given
For questions 1-5, read the following statements and decide if they are True, False, or Not Given based on the information in the passage.
- Climate change is causing more frequent droughts in all regions of the world.
- Melting glaciers pose a threat to water security for millions of people.
- The Amazon rainforest has experienced an increase in wildfires partly due to climate change.
- All coral reefs worldwide have already collapsed due to rising ocean temperatures.
- Soil erosion is exclusively caused by extreme weather events.
Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D for questions 6-8.
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According to the passage, forests are referred to as:
A) The “heart of the Earth”
B) The “lungs of the Earth”
C) The “kidneys of the Earth”
D) The “brain of the Earth” -
The passage suggests that the impact of climate change on natural resources:
A) Is limited to water resources
B) Affects only plant species
C) Is interconnected and complex
D) Can be easily reversed -
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of climate change on soil?
A) Increased erosion
B) Changes in soil moisture
C) Altered microbial activity
D) Increased soil fertility
Matching Headings
Match the following headings (A-F) to the appropriate paragraphs (9-12) in the passage.
A) The threat to Earth’s forests
B) The interconnected nature of climate change impacts
C) The effects on water resources
D) Solutions for protecting natural resources
E) The impact on biodiversity
F) The overlooked resource: soil
- Paragraph 2: ____
- Paragraph 3: ____
- Paragraph 5: ____
- Paragraph 7: ____
Answers and Explanations
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False – The passage states that some regions experience droughts while others experience increased flooding.
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True – The text explicitly mentions that melting glaciers threaten water security for millions.
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True – The passage states that the Amazon has experienced record-breaking fires partly due to climate change-induced drier conditions.
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Not Given – While the passage mentions widespread bleaching and risk of collapse, it doesn’t state that all coral reefs have already collapsed.
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False – The passage mentions extreme weather events as one cause of soil erosion, but not the exclusive cause.
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B – The passage directly refers to forests as the “lungs of the Earth.”
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C – The text emphasizes the interconnected and complex nature of climate change impacts on natural resources.
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D – Increased soil fertility is not mentioned as an effect of climate change on soil.
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C – This paragraph discusses the effects of climate change on water resources.
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A – This paragraph focuses on the threats to forests due to climate change.
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F – This paragraph discusses the often overlooked impact on soil.
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D – This paragraph outlines solutions for protecting natural resources in the face of climate change.
Common Mistakes
When tackling IELTS Reading passages on complex topics like climate change, students often make the following mistakes:
- Overlooking specific details: For example, mistaking “some regions” for “all regions” in question 1.
- Confusing “Not Given” with “False”: If the information isn’t explicitly stated, it’s “Not Given,” not “False.”
- Falling for distractors: Be cautious of answer options that sound plausible but aren’t mentioned in the text.
- Mismatching headings: Ensure you understand the main idea of each paragraph before matching headings.
Vocabulary
Here are some challenging words from the passage:
- Unprecedented (adjective): /ʌnˈpres.ɪ.den.tɪd/ – never having happened or existed in the past
- Exacerbate (verb): /ɪɡˈzæs.ə.beɪt/ – to make something that is already bad even worse
- Biodiversity (noun): /ˌbaɪ.əʊ.daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/ – the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat
- Desertification (noun): /dɪˌzɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ – the process by which fertile land becomes desert
Grammar Focus
Pay attention to the use of present simple tense to describe ongoing situations and facts about climate change. For example:
- “Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time.”
- “Rising temperatures are altering precipitation patterns.”
This grammatical structure is common in academic and scientific writing to describe current states and general truths.
Tips for IELTS Reading Success
- Practice active reading: Engage with the text by predicting content, questioning information, and summarizing key points.
- Improve your vocabulary: Regularly learn new words related to environment and climate change.
- Time management: Allocate your time wisely across all questions. Don’t spend too long on any single question.
- Skim and scan effectively: Quickly identify where specific information is located in the passage.
- Pay attention to transition words: These can help you understand the flow and structure of the text.
- Read the questions carefully: Ensure you understand exactly what each question is asking before searching for the answer.
Remember, success in IELTS Reading comes with consistent practice and a strategic approach. Focus on understanding the overall message of the passage while being attentive to specific details. By mastering these skills, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle any topic that appears in your IELTS Reading test, including complex subjects like the impact of climate change on natural resources.
For more practice on climate change-related topics, you might find these resources helpful:
Good luck with your IELTS preparation!