International tourism and its effects on local cultures is a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2. This topic has appeared frequently in past exams and is likely to continue being a popular choice due to its relevance in our increasingly globalized world. Let’s explore this theme through sample essays for different band scores, focusing on a specific question that exemplifies this topic.
Analyzing the Question
Let’s examine a typical IELTS Writing Task 2 question on this topic:
International tourism often has negative effects on local cultures. What are these effects, and what measures can be taken to reduce them?
This question requires you to:
- Identify negative effects of international tourism on local cultures
- Suggest measures to mitigate these negative effects
It’s a two-part question, so your essay should address both aspects equally. Now, let’s look at sample essays for different band scores.
Sample Essay 1: Band 8-9
International tourism, while economically beneficial, can indeed have detrimental impacts on local cultures. These effects range from the commercialization of traditions to the erosion of cultural authenticity. However, with thoughtful measures, it is possible to mitigate these negative consequences and promote more responsible tourism practices.
One of the most significant negative effects of international tourism on local cultures is the commodification of traditions. As tourist demand grows, local customs and rituals often become packaged as entertainment, losing their original meaning and spiritual significance. For instance, in Bali, Indonesia, traditional ceremonies are sometimes staged purely for tourists, disconnecting these practices from their cultural roots. Additionally, the influx of tourists can lead to the homogenization of local cultures, as communities may adapt their lifestyles and customs to cater to visitor expectations, gradually eroding their unique cultural identities.
To address these issues, several measures can be implemented. Firstly, governments and tourism boards should prioritize educational initiatives for both tourists and local communities. Visitors should be educated about the importance of respecting local customs and the potential impact of their presence. Simultaneously, local communities should be empowered to maintain their cultural integrity while benefiting from tourism. This could involve workshops on sustainable tourism practices and the importance of preserving authentic cultural experiences.
Furthermore, implementing strict regulations on tourism development can help protect sensitive cultural sites and practices. For example, limiting visitor numbers to sacred spaces or requiring guided tours led by local experts can ensure that tourism does not overwhelm or disrupt important cultural activities. Additionally, promoting community-based tourism initiatives, where local residents have a significant say in how their culture is presented and shared, can help maintain authenticity while still allowing for cultural exchange.
In conclusion, while international tourism can pose threats to local cultures through commercialization and homogenization, these effects can be mitigated through education, regulation, and community empowerment. By striking a balance between cultural preservation and tourism development, it is possible to create a more sustainable and respectful form of international tourism that benefits both visitors and host communities.
(Word count: 329)
Analysis of Band 8-9 Essay
This essay demonstrates the qualities of a high-scoring IELTS Writing Task 2 response:
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Task Response: The essay fully addresses both parts of the question, discussing negative effects and suggesting measures to reduce them.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized with clear paragraphing. It uses a variety of cohesive devices effectively (e.g., “Additionally”, “Furthermore”, “For instance”).
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Lexical Resource: The essay uses a wide range of vocabulary accurately and appropriately (e.g., “commodification”, “homogenization”, “empowered”).
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay demonstrates a wide range of grammatical structures used accurately and flexibly (e.g., complex sentences, passive voice).
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Development of Ideas: Each main point is well-developed with explanations and examples.
Sample Essay 2: Band 6-7
International tourism can have bad effects on local cultures. These effects are important to understand and we need to find ways to make them less harmful.
One negative effect is that local traditions can become less meaningful. When many tourists come to see traditional events or ceremonies, these things might be changed to please the tourists. For example, traditional dances might be made shorter or more exciting, but this can take away their real meaning. Another problem is that local people might start to copy tourist behaviors or ways of dressing, which can make the local culture less special.
To reduce these negative effects, we can do several things. First, we should teach tourists about the local culture before they visit. This can help them understand and respect local customs. We can give them information at hotels or tourist offices. Also, we should limit the number of tourists allowed in sensitive areas. This can help protect important cultural places from too much damage.
Another good idea is to involve local people more in tourism. If local people are in charge of showing their culture to tourists, they can make sure it is done in a respectful way. This can also help local people earn money from tourism while still keeping their traditions.
In conclusion, international tourism can harm local cultures, but there are ways to reduce these problems. By educating tourists and involving local people, we can help protect cultures while still allowing tourism to happen.
(Word count: 252)
Analysis of Band 6-7 Essay
This essay demonstrates the qualities of a mid-range IELTS Writing Task 2 response:
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Task Response: The essay addresses both parts of the question, but the development of ideas is less thorough than in the Band 8-9 essay.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay has a clear structure, but uses simpler linking words (e.g., “First”, “Also”, “Another”).
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is appropriate but less sophisticated than in the higher band essay. Some attempts at more complex vocabulary are made (e.g., “sensitive areas”).
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentences with generally good accuracy, but lacks the flexibility of the higher band essay.
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Development of Ideas: Main points are supported with examples, but the explanations are less detailed than in the Band 8-9 essay.
Key Vocabulary to Remember
- Commodification (noun) – /kəˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ – the process of treating something as a product that can be bought and sold
- Homogenization (noun) – /həˌmɒdʒənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ – the process of making things uniform or similar
- Authenticity (noun) – /ɔːθenˈtɪsəti/ – the quality of being genuine or real
- Erosion (noun) – /ɪˈrəʊʒən/ – the gradual destruction or diminution of something
- Influx (noun) – /ˈɪnflʌks/ – the arrival of large numbers of people or things
- Mitigate (verb) – /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ – to make less severe, serious, or painful
- Empower (verb) – /ɪmˈpaʊə(r)/ – to give someone the authority or power to do something
- Sustainable (adjective) – /səˈsteɪnəbl/ – able to be maintained at a certain rate or level
- Initiative (noun) – /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ – an act or strategy intended to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation
- Preserve (verb) – /prɪˈzɜːv/ – to maintain something in its original or existing state
Conclusion
The impact of international tourism on local cultures is a complex and relevant topic for IELTS Writing Task 2. By understanding the key issues and having a range of vocabulary and ideas at your disposal, you can craft a well-structured and insightful essay on this theme.
For practice, try writing your own essay on this topic or related ones, such as:
- The economic benefits and cultural costs of tourism in developing countries
- The role of governments in protecting local cultures from the negative impacts of tourism
- The responsibility of tourists in preserving local cultures and traditions
Remember to focus on clear structure, relevant examples, and a balanced argument. Feel free to share your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and discussion. Good luck with your IELTS preparation!