IELTS Writing Task 2: Mastering the Art of Writing about Biodiversity and Climate Change (Sample Essays for Bands 6, 7, and 8)

The topic of biodiversity and its role in combating climate change has become increasingly prevalent in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. Based on recent trends and the growing global concern for environmental issues, it’s highly likely that this theme will continue to appear frequently in future tests. To help you prepare, we’ve selected a relevant question that closely resembles those seen in actual IELTS exams:

Some people believe that the protection of endangered species should be prioritized over economic development. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Analyzing the Question

This question requires you to consider the balance between environmental conservation, specifically the protection of endangered species, and economic progress. You need to:

1. Clearly state your position on the issue
2. Provide reasons and examples to support your viewpoint
3. Consider potential counterarguments
4. Conclude with a summary of your stance

Sample Essays

Band 8 Essay

In an era where economic growth often takes precedence, I firmly believe that the protection of endangered species should indeed be prioritized over economic development. This stance is rooted in the understanding that biodiversity plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and combating climate change, which ultimately impacts our economic stability in the long run.

Firstly, preserving endangered species is vital for maintaining the delicate balance of ecosystems. Each species, no matter how small or seemingly insignificant, plays a unique role in its habitat. The loss of even a single species can trigger a domino effect, disrupting food chains and altering the ecosystem’s ability to adapt to environmental changes. For instance, the near-extinction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park led to an overpopulation of elk, which in turn caused overgrazing and a decline in plant diversity. The reintroduction of wolves in 1995 helped restore the ecological balance, demonstrating the profound impact of a single species on an entire ecosystem.

Moreover, biodiversity is a crucial factor in mitigating climate change. Diverse ecosystems are more resilient to environmental stresses and can more effectively sequester carbon dioxide. Forests with a wide variety of tree species, for example, are more efficient at capturing and storing carbon than monoculture plantations. By protecting endangered species and their habitats, we are indirectly contributing to the fight against climate change, which poses a significant threat to our economic stability.

While economic development is undoubtedly important, it should not come at the expense of irreversible environmental damage. Short-term economic gains from activities that harm endangered species often lead to long-term economic losses. The destruction of coral reefs, for instance, may provide immediate economic benefits through tourism or fishing, but it ultimately leads to the collapse of marine ecosystems, adversely affecting fishing industries and coastal economies in the long run.

Furthermore, the protection of endangered species can actually drive economic growth in sustainable ways. Ecotourism, for example, has become a significant source of income for many countries, providing jobs and stimulating local economies while incentivizing the preservation of natural habitats. Costa Rica’s successful ecotourism industry, which contributes significantly to its GDP, is a prime example of how environmental conservation can align with economic development.

In conclusion, while the importance of economic development cannot be denied, the protection of endangered species should take precedence. The long-term benefits of preserving biodiversity, both for the environment and the economy, far outweigh the short-term gains of unchecked development. By prioritizing the protection of endangered species, we are investing in a sustainable future that balances ecological health with economic prosperity.

Biodiversity's role in maintaining ecosystem balance

Band 7 Essay

In my opinion, the protection of endangered species should be given priority over economic development to a large extent. While economic growth is undoubtedly important for a nation’s progress, I believe that preserving biodiversity is crucial for long-term environmental and economic sustainability.

One of the main reasons for prioritizing the protection of endangered species is the vital role they play in maintaining ecological balance. Every species, regardless of its size or perceived importance, has a specific function within its ecosystem. The extinction of a single species can have far-reaching consequences, disrupting food chains and altering the ecosystem’s ability to adapt to environmental changes. For example, the decline of bee populations worldwide threatens not only the survival of various plant species but also the agricultural industry that depends on these pollinators.

Furthermore, biodiversity is essential in the fight against climate change. Diverse ecosystems are more resilient to environmental stresses and can more effectively absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Protecting endangered species often means preserving their habitats, such as forests and wetlands, which act as natural carbon sinks. This indirect contribution to combating climate change is crucial for maintaining a stable environment that supports economic activities in the long run.

However, it’s important to acknowledge that economic development is necessary for improving living standards and funding conservation efforts. A balance must be struck between protecting endangered species and allowing for sustainable economic growth. This can be achieved through careful planning and the implementation of environmentally friendly development practices. For instance, investing in renewable energy sources can drive economic growth while minimizing the impact on wildlife habitats.

Moreover, the protection of endangered species can itself become a source of economic development. Ecotourism, for example, has become a significant industry in many countries, providing jobs and income while incentivizing the preservation of natural habitats and wildlife. Countries like Costa Rica have successfully demonstrated how protecting biodiversity can go hand in hand with economic growth.

In conclusion, while economic development is important, the protection of endangered species should be given higher priority. The long-term benefits of preserving biodiversity, both for the environment and the economy, outweigh the short-term gains of unchecked development. By focusing on sustainable practices and finding ways to align conservation with economic growth, we can ensure a balanced approach that benefits both nature and human societies.

Band 6 Essay

I think that protecting endangered animals is very important, but we can’t forget about economic development too. Both are necessary for our world, so we need to find a balance.

Firstly, endangered species are important for nature. Every animal has a role in its environment. If one species disappears, it can cause problems for other animals and plants. For example, if bees become extinct, many plants won’t be pollinated, which could affect our food supply. Also, some endangered animals, like tigers, are important for tourism in some countries, which helps their economy.

On the other hand, economic development is necessary for people’s lives. It provides jobs, better healthcare, and education. Many countries need to develop their economies to improve people’s living conditions. Sometimes, this development might harm the environment and endangered species. For instance, building new factories or expanding cities can destroy animal habitats.

However, I believe we can protect animals and develop the economy at the same time. We should use sustainable methods for development that don’t harm the environment too much. For example, we can use clean energy like solar or wind power instead of cutting down forests for fuel. Also, governments can make laws to protect endangered species while still allowing some development.

Another idea is to use endangered species to help the economy. Ecotourism is a good example of this. People pay money to see rare animals in their natural habitats. This creates jobs and income for local people while also protecting the animals.

In conclusion, I think we should try to protect endangered species as much as possible, but not completely stop economic development. We need to find ways to do both things together. This way, we can have a healthy environment and a good economy for everyone.

Balancing economic development with species conservation

Explanation of Band Scores

Band 8 Essay Explanation

This essay demonstrates excellent control of language and presents a well-developed argument, earning it a Band 8 score:

1. Task Response: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, presenting a clear position with fully extended and well-supported ideas.
2. Coherence and Cohesion: Ideas are logically organized with clear progression throughout. Paragraphs are well-linked, and cohesive devices are used effectively.
3. Lexical Resource: A wide range of vocabulary is used with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features. Rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’.
4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: A wide range of structures is used with full flexibility and accuracy. The majority of sentences are error-free.

Band 7 Essay Explanation

This essay shows a good command of the language and presents a clear argument, warranting a Band 7 score:

1. Task Response: The essay addresses all parts of the task, although some parts may be more fully covered than others.
2. Coherence and Cohesion: Information and ideas are organized logically, and there is a clear overall progression. Cohesive devices are used effectively, but there might be some under- or over-use.
3. Lexical Resource: A sufficient range of vocabulary is used to allow some flexibility and precision. Less common lexical items are used, but there may be occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocation.
4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: A variety of complex structures is used with some flexibility. The majority of sentences are error-free, but some grammatical mistakes persist.

Band 6 Essay Explanation

This essay demonstrates an adequate command of the language despite some inaccuracies, justifying a Band 6 score:

1. Task Response: The essay addresses the task, though some aspects are covered more thoroughly than others. The format is appropriate, but the conclusion may be unclear or repetitive.
2. Coherence and Cohesion: Information and ideas are generally arranged coherently, and there is a clear overall progression. Cohesive devices are used but not always appropriately.
3. Lexical Resource: An adequate range of vocabulary is used for the task. Attempts at using less common vocabulary are made but with some inaccuracy.
4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: A mix of simple and complex sentence forms is used. Some grammar and punctuation errors persist, but they don’t impede communication.

Key Vocabulary to Remember

1. Biodiversity (noun) /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/: The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat.

2. Ecosystem (noun) /ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

3. Endangered species (noun phrase) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd ˈspiːʃiːz/: A species at risk of extinction because of human activity, changes in climate, changes in predator-prey ratios, etc.

4. Habitat (noun) /ˈhæbɪtæt/: The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

5. Ecotourism (noun) /ˈiːkəʊˌtʊərɪzəm/: Tourism directed toward exotic, often threatened, natural environments, intended to support conservation efforts and observe wildlife.

6. Sustainability (noun) /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/: The ability to maintain at a certain rate or level, especially regarding ecological balance.

7. Carbon sink (noun) /ˈkɑːbən sɪŋk/: A forest, ocean, or other natural environment viewed in terms of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

8. Resilience (noun) /rɪˈzɪliəns/: The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

9. Pollinator (noun) /ˈpɒlɪneɪtər/: An animal that moves pollen from one flower to another, aiding in plant reproduction.

10. Biodegradable (adjective) /ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/: Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms and thereby avoiding pollution.

In conclusion, the topic of biodiversity and its role in combating climate change is likely to remain a significant theme in IELTS Writing Task 2. As you prepare for your exam, consider practicing with similar topics such as:

1. The impact of deforestation on biodiversity and climate change
2. The role of marine ecosystems in maintaining global climate balance
3. The effectiveness of international agreements in protecting endangered species

Remember to structure your essays clearly, use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures, and provide specific examples to support your arguments. Feel free to practice writing an essay on the given topic and share it in the comments section for feedback and discussion. This active practice is an excellent way to improve your writing skills and prepare for the IELTS exam.