The topic of freedom of speech in a democratic society is a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2 essays. Based on analysis of past IELTS exams and current global trends, this subject is likely to appear frequently in future tests. Let’s examine a relevant question that has appeared in recent IELTS exams:
Some people believe that in a democratic society, individuals should have complete freedom of speech, including the right to criticize the government and other institutions. Others argue that certain restrictions on speech are necessary for social harmony and national security. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Analyzing the Question
This question requires candidates to:
- Discuss the viewpoint supporting complete freedom of speech
- Explore the perspective favoring some restrictions on speech
- Provide their own opinion on the issue
Let’s look at sample essays for different band scores, followed by detailed analyses.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
Freedom of speech is widely regarded as a cornerstone of democratic societies, yet the extent to which it should be limited remains a subject of debate. While some argue for unrestricted expression, others contend that certain boundaries are essential for maintaining social order and security. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint.
Proponents of absolute free speech assert that it is fundamental to a thriving democracy. They argue that the ability to criticize government policies and institutions without fear of retribution is crucial for holding those in power accountable. Furthermore, unrestricted expression fosters a marketplace of ideas, allowing for the open exchange of thoughts and promoting societal progress. This viewpoint contends that even controversial or offensive speech should be protected, as it challenges societal norms and stimulates critical thinking.
On the other hand, advocates for limited speech restrictions argue that unfettered expression can lead to social discord and compromise national security. They point out that hate speech, incitement to violence, and the spread of false information can have detrimental effects on society. These individuals believe that carefully crafted restrictions can protect vulnerable groups and maintain public order without unduly infringing on individual liberties. They often cite examples of how unregulated speech on social media platforms has contributed to political polarization and the spread of misinformation.
In my opinion, while freedom of speech is indeed vital for a healthy democracy, some reasonable limitations are necessary to balance individual rights with societal well-being. I believe that speech that directly incites violence or discrimination should be restricted, as it poses a clear and present danger to public safety. However, these restrictions should be narrowly defined and applied judiciously to prevent abuse of power. It is crucial to foster an environment where diverse opinions can be expressed and debated, while also protecting individuals and groups from harm.
In conclusion, the debate over freedom of speech in democratic societies is complex and nuanced. While unrestricted expression is essential for accountability and progress, some carefully considered limitations may be necessary to maintain social harmony and security. Striking the right balance between these competing interests is a challenging but crucial task for modern democracies.
(Word count: 345)
Essay Analysis (Band 8-9)
This essay demonstrates excellence in several key areas:
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Task Response: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, discussing both viewpoints and clearly stating the writer’s opinion.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized with clear paragraphing and effective use of cohesive devices. Each paragraph focuses on a specific aspect of the argument.
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Lexical Resource: The essay uses a wide range of vocabulary accurately and appropriately. Examples include “cornerstone,” “marketplace of ideas,” “incitement to violence,” and “judiciously.”
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay demonstrates a wide range of grammatical structures used accurately and flexibly. Complex sentences are used effectively throughout.
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Development of Ideas: Each main point is well-developed with relevant examples and explanations.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
Freedom of speech is an important part of democracy, but some people think it should have limits. This essay will look at both sides of this issue and give my opinion.
People who support complete freedom of speech say it’s necessary for democracy. They believe that citizens should be able to criticize the government without fear. This helps keep leaders honest and makes sure they do a good job. Also, when people can say what they think, it helps society progress because new ideas can be shared.
On the other hand, some people think there should be some limits on free speech. They worry that complete freedom can cause problems in society. For example, hate speech can hurt minority groups. Also, false information can spread quickly and cause confusion. These people think some rules are needed to protect people and keep society stable.
In my opinion, freedom of speech is very important, but there should be some limits. I think speech that directly causes violence or discrimination should not be allowed. However, these limits should be very careful and not stop people from expressing different opinions. It’s important to have a balance between free speech and protecting people.
To conclude, the issue of free speech in democracy is complicated. While it’s crucial for a healthy society, some restrictions might be needed to prevent harm. Finding the right balance is challenging but necessary for modern democracies.
(Word count: 253)
Essay Analysis (Band 6-7)
This essay demonstrates competence in several areas but has some limitations:
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Task Response: The essay addresses all parts of the task, presenting both viewpoints and the writer’s opinion. However, the ideas could be more fully developed.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is generally well-organized, but the use of cohesive devices is somewhat limited and mechanical.
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary used is adequate for the task, but lacks the sophistication and range seen in higher band scores.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentence structures with generally good control, though there is less variety compared to the Band 8-9 essay.
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Development of Ideas: Main points are supported, but the examples and explanations are less detailed and nuanced than in higher band essays.
Key Vocabulary
- Cornerstone (noun) – /ˈkɔːnəstəʊn/ – a fundamental or essential part
- Retribution (noun) – /ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃn/ – punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance
- Marketplace of ideas (phrase) – a rationale for freedom of expression based on an analogy to the economic concept of a free market
- Incitement (noun) – /ɪnˈsaɪtmənt/ – the action of provoking unlawful behavior or urging someone to behave unlawfully
- Judiciously (adverb) – /dʒuːˈdɪʃəsli/ – with good judgment or sense
- Polarization (noun) – /ˌpəʊləraɪˈzeɪʃn/ – division into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
- Nuanced (adjective) – /ˈnjuːɑːnst/ – characterized by subtle shades of meaning or expression
Conclusion
The topic of freedom of speech in democratic societies is a complex and nuanced issue that frequently appears in IELTS Writing Task 2. To prepare for potential questions on this subject, practice writing essays that:
- Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of unrestricted free speech
- Explore the potential impacts of speech restrictions on democracy
- Consider the balance between individual rights and societal well-being
- Examine real-world examples of free speech issues in various countries
Remember to structure your essay clearly, use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures, and develop your ideas with relevant examples and explanations. By practicing these skills, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle any question on this topic in your IELTS exam.
We encourage you to practice writing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments section below. This active practice is an excellent way to improve your writing skills and receive feedback from others preparing for the IELTS exam.