Government surveillance has become an increasingly common topic in IELTS Writing Task 2, appearing in approximately 15% of exam questions between 2019-2023. This theme often intersects with issues of privacy, national security, and civil liberties. Based on analysis of past papers, here are some recent real exam questions:
Analysis of Task 2 Question
Some people believe that governments should be able to monitor all phone calls, emails and other forms of electronic communication to enhance national security. Others argue this violates basic privacy rights. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
This question requires:
- Discussion of both perspectives on government surveillance
- Clear personal stance
- Balanced analysis of security benefits vs privacy concerns
- Relevant examples and supporting evidence
Government surveillance vs privacy rights ethical debate
Band 8.5 Model Answer
In today’s digital age, the debate over government surveillance powers has become increasingly contentious. While some advocate for comprehensive monitoring to protect national security, others consider it an unacceptable invasion of privacy. I believe that while some surveillance measures are necessary, they must be strictly regulated to prevent abuse.
The primary argument for surveillance is its potential to prevent terrorism and serious crime. Intelligence agencies can intercept communications between dangerous individuals, potentially stopping attacks before they occur. For instance, several terrorist plots in European cities have been foiled through electronic monitoring systems. Additionally, surveillance technology helps track criminal networks and gather evidence for prosecution.
However, opponents raise valid concerns about privacy violations. Unrestricted surveillance essentially eliminates confidentiality in personal communications and can create a chilling effect on free speech. Moreover, there are risks of data breaches or misuse of collected information by government officials. The case of Edward Snowden revealed how surveillance programs can exceed their intended scope and violate citizens’ constitutional rights.
In my view, the solution lies in finding an appropriate balance. Government surveillance should be permitted only with proper oversight and restrictions. This could include requiring judicial warrants for monitoring specific individuals, regular audits of surveillance programs, and clear limitations on data retention. Furthermore, citizens should be informed about general surveillance policies while keeping specific security measures classified.
Band 7.0 Model Answer
The issue of government surveillance has generated significant debate in society. While some support monitoring communications for security reasons, others believe it compromises fundamental privacy rights. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my view.
Those who support surveillance argue that it helps protect national security. Government agencies need these tools to identify and prevent terrorist attacks and criminal activities. They claim that in dangerous times, public safety should take priority over privacy concerns. Additionally, they argue that law-abiding citizens have nothing to fear from such monitoring.
On the other hand, critics point out that surveillance violates basic human rights. They worry about governments having too much power over citizens’ private lives. There are also concerns about data security and potential abuse by authorities. Furthermore, widespread surveillance may create a culture of fear and self-censorship.
In my opinion, some level of surveillance is necessary but must be carefully controlled. Clear legal frameworks should govern when and how monitoring can occur. This could help balance security needs with privacy rights. Regular reviews of surveillance programs could ensure they remain appropriate and proportional.
Vocabulary Analysis
- contentious (adj) /kənˈtenʃəs/ – causing or likely to cause disagreement
- comprehensive (adj) /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ – complete; including all aspects
- intercept (v) /ˌɪntəˈsept/ – to stop and catch something before it reaches its destination
- chilling effect (n) /ˈtʃɪlɪŋ ɪˈfekt/ – discouragement of the exercise of natural rights
- oversight (n) /ˈəʊvəsaɪt/ – supervision; watchful care
- proportional (adj) /prəˈpɔːʃənl/ – corresponding in size or amount
- self-censorship (n) /ˌself ˈsensəʃɪp/ – the act of censoring one’s own speech or actions
Conclusion
The topic of government surveillance continues to be relevant in IELTS examinations. Similar questions might focus on:
- Technology’s role in public safety
- Balance between security measures and civil liberties
- Government power limits in digital age
Practice writing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments for feedback. Consider how you would approach different variations of this question while maintaining a balanced, well-supported argument.
