Public transportation and urban development is a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2, appearing approximately once every 4-5 months in recent years. This frequency suggests its continued relevance in future tests, especially given the growing global focus on sustainable urban planning and role of public transportation in reducing urban congestion.
Urban planners discussing public transportation development strategies
Analysis of Recent Test Questions
From examining past IELTS tests, here’s a relevant question that has appeared:
Some people believe that governments should invest more money in public transportation to reduce traffic congestion in cities. Others think there are better alternatives. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Sample Essays for Different Band Scores
Band 8.5 Sample Essay
The debate over government investment in public transportation versus alternative solutions for urban congestion presents compelling arguments on both sides. While expanding public transit systems offers numerous benefits, other approaches merit consideration in addressing this complex issue.
Proponents of increased public transportation funding argue that it provides a direct solution to traffic congestion. Well-developed metro systems and bus networks can significantly reduce private vehicle usage, as demonstrated in cities like Singapore and Hong Kong. Moreover, public transportation contributes to how electric cars can reduce air pollution in cities by decreasing overall emissions. The economic benefits are also substantial, as efficient public transit systems enhance workforce mobility and reduce lost productivity due to traffic delays.
However, advocates of alternative approaches present valid counterarguments. Smart traffic management systems, utilizing artificial intelligence and real-time data, can optimize existing road infrastructure without massive investment in new transit systems. Additionally, promoting remote work policies and implementing congestion pricing, as seen in London, can effectively reduce peak-hour traffic. These solutions often require lower initial investment while potentially delivering quicker results.
In my opinion, the most effective approach combines both strategies. While public transportation should receive significant investment as a long-term solution, cities should simultaneously implement complementary measures like smart traffic management and flexible working arrangements. This balanced approach addresses immediate concerns while building sustainable infrastructure for the future.
Band 6.5 Sample Essay
Many people have different ideas about how to solve traffic problems in cities. Some think public transport is the best way, but others believe there are different solutions that could work better.
People who support public transport say it helps reduce cars on roads. When buses and trains work well, more people will use them instead of driving. This is good because it makes advantages of public transportation over private vehicles clear to everyone. Also, public transport is cheaper for most people than having a car.
However, other people think there are better ways to fix traffic problems. They say building more roads or making better traffic lights can help. Some also think that letting people work from home is a good idea because then they don’t need to travel to work everyday.
I think both ideas are good but public transport is better. While other solutions can help, having good buses and trains is the best way to solve traffic problems for a long time. Cities should spend more money on public transport but also try other ideas too.
Analysis of Band Scores
Band 8.5 Essay Analysis
- Sophisticated vocabulary and complex structures
- Clear organization with well-developed arguments
- Effective use of examples and specific details
- Strong cohesion throughout
- Balanced discussion with clear personal view
Band 6.5 Essay Analysis
- Basic but clear vocabulary
- Simple but accurate sentence structures
- Some attempt at complex sentences
- Basic organization present
- Limited use of examples
- Simple cohesive devices
Key Vocabulary to Remember
- Urban congestion (n) /ˈɜːbən kənˈdʒestʃən/ – traffic in cities
- Infrastructure (n) /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/ – basic physical systems of a country
- Optimization (n) /ˌɒptɪmaɪˈzeɪʃən/ – making something as effective as possible
- Implementation (n) /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃən/ – the process of putting a plan into action
- Sustainable (adj) /səˈsteɪnəbl/ – able to continue over time without damage
Consider practicing with similar topics like How does urbanization contribute to climate change? to improve your writing skills. Share your practice essays in the comments for feedback and discussion.
