“By contrast” is a powerful phrase that can elevate your IELTS writing by creating clear and sophisticated comparisons. Mastering its use demonstrates a strong command of the English language and can contribute to a higher band score. This article will delve into the nuances of “by contrast,” exploring its meaning, providing a clear formula for its use, and illustrating its application through relevant examples. We’ll also examine common errors to avoid, equipping you with the knowledge to wield this phrase confidently in your IELTS writing.
Let’s consider these sentences:
- City life offers unparalleled convenience and excitement. By contrast, rural areas provide peace and tranquility. (Comparing lifestyles)
- The northern region boasts lush green landscapes. By contrast, the southern region is characterized by arid deserts. (Comparing geographical features)
- The first pie chart reveals a significant increase in online sales. By contrast, the second chart shows a decline in traditional retail sales. (Comparing data trends in IELTS Writing Task 1)
In each of these examples, “by contrast” effectively highlights the differences between the two elements being compared, making the comparison more impactful for the reader.
Understanding “By Contrast”
“By contrast” is a transitional phrase used to signal a direct contrast or opposition between two ideas, objects, or situations. It is typically used when you want to emphasize the differences rather than the similarities.
Frequency in IELTS: While not as common as other comparison phrases like “on the other hand” or “whereas,” “by contrast” is a valuable tool to showcase a wider range of grammatical structures and vocabulary, especially in Writing Task 1 when comparing data or describing contrasting trends.
Mastering the Use of “By Contrast”
Here’s a simple formula to remember:
Sentence 1: [Subject 1] + [Verb] + [Information about Subject 1].
Sentence 2: By contrast, [Subject 2] + [Verb] + [Contrasting Information about Subject 2].
Example:
- Urbanization leads to increased pollution and congestion. By contrast, rural living promotes cleaner air and a slower pace of life.
Analysis:
- The first sentence introduces the negative aspects of urbanization.
- The phrase “by contrast” immediately signals that the following sentence will present an opposing view.
- The second sentence highlights the positive aspects of rural living, directly contrasting with the negatives of urbanization mentioned earlier.
Applying “By Contrast” in IELTS Writing
IELTS Writing Task 1
“By contrast” is particularly useful when you need to compare and contrast data, graphs, or diagrams.
Example:
- The bar graph illustrates a sharp rise in smartphone ownership among 18-25 year-olds between 2010 and 2020. By contrast, ownership rates for those aged 65 and above remained relatively stable during the same period.
This example effectively uses “by contrast” to highlight the different trends in smartphone ownership between two age groups.
IELTS Writing Task 2
While “by contrast” is used less frequently in Task 2, it can be helpful in opinion or discussion essays when presenting opposing viewpoints or contrasting different solutions.
Example:
- Some argue that globalization has led to job losses in developed countries. By contrast, others believe it has created new opportunities and fostered economic growth.
This example demonstrates how “by contrast” can be used to present two opposing arguments about globalization.
city-vs-countryside|City vs Countryside|A contrasting image of a bustling city skyline on one side and a serene countryside landscape on the other.
Aiming Higher: Advanced Usage of “By Contrast”
To further enhance your writing, consider these strategies:
- Use introductory phrases for smoother transitions: “On the other hand,” “Conversely,” or “In comparison,” can be used before “by contrast” for a more natural flow.
- Combine with other comparison structures: Use “while,” “whereas,” or “although” in the first sentence to create more complex and nuanced comparisons.
Example:
- While some people thrive in fast-paced, urban environments, by contrast, others find solace and tranquility in the countryside.
Common Errors and How to Avoid Them
- Incorrect punctuation: Remember to use a comma after “by contrast.”
- Using “by contrast” when the ideas are not truly opposite: Ensure that the two elements being compared are genuinely contrasting.
Example of incorrect usage:
- The restaurant offers a wide variety of dishes. By contrast, the service is excellent.
This is incorrect because the variety of dishes and the quality of service are not contrasting ideas.
Conclusion
Mastering the use of “by contrast” can significantly enhance the clarity and sophistication of your IELTS writing. Remember to use it strategically to highlight differences, and always ensure you are comparing genuinely contrasting elements. By incorporating this phrase effectively, you can demonstrate a strong command of the English language and increase your chances of achieving a higher band score. Practice using “by contrast” with various IELTS writing prompts to build your confidence.
