“By contrast” is a powerful phrase that can significantly enhance your IELTS writing, particularly in tasks requiring comparisons and contrasts. Mastering its usage can significantly boost your band score by demonstrating a strong command of cohesive devices and sophisticated vocabulary. Let’s delve into how to utilize “by contrast” effectively in your IELTS writing.
Here are some examples of how “by contrast” can be used in different sections of the IELTS exam:
Speaking Part 2:
“My hometown is a bustling city with towering skyscrapers and a vibrant nightlife. By contrast, my grandparent’s village is a tranquil oasis surrounded by rice paddies and characterized by its peaceful atmosphere.”
Writing Task 1:
“The graph shows a dramatic increase in the sales of electric vehicles between 2015 and 2020. By contrast, the sales of petrol-powered cars experienced a steady decline during the same period.”
Writing Task 2:
“Some argue that technology has led to increased isolation among individuals. By contrast, others believe that it has fostered global connections and facilitated communication.”
These examples clearly show a distinct shift in focus, highlighting the differences between the elements being compared.
Understanding “By Contrast”
In essence, “by contrast” signals a clear shift in your writing, indicating to the examiner that you are now about to present a contrasting point, idea, or trend. It emphasizes the difference between two things being compared, making your comparison more vivid and compelling.
This phrase is particularly useful in IELTS Writing Task 1 when describing trends in graphs or charts, and in Task 2 when presenting opposing viewpoints or arguments.
Grammar and Usage
“By contrast” is an adverbial phrase, typically used at the beginning of a sentence to transition from one contrasting idea to another.
Here’s the basic formula:
Sentence 1 (Point A) + Sentence 2 (By contrast + Point B).
Example:
City life offers a vast array of career opportunities and cultural experiences. By contrast, rural living often provides a sense of tranquility and closer community ties.
Further grammatical points:
- Comma after “By contrast”: While not always grammatically mandatory, it is generally recommended to use a comma after “by contrast” to enhance readability and clarity.
- Using a semicolon: In more complex sentences, you can use a semicolon after the first sentence and then introduce “by contrast” followed by a comma. For example: “Urban dwellers often rely on public transport for commuting; by contrast, those in rural areas might depend more on personal vehicles.”
Applying “By Contrast” in IELTS Writing
Writing Task 1
When analyzing graphs, charts, or diagrams, “by contrast” helps you highlight significant differences in trends.
Example:
The consumption of sugary drinks increased steadily between 1990 and 2010. By contrast, the consumption of bottled water showed a more dramatic upward trend during the same period.
Analysis:
The use of “by contrast” effectively points out the difference in the rate of increase between the two beverage types.
Writing Task 2
In essay writing, “by contrast” is invaluable for presenting opposing viewpoints and constructing well-structured arguments.
Example:
Proponents of globalization argue that it fosters economic growth and cultural exchange. By contrast, critics contend that it can exacerbate income inequality and lead to the exploitation of developing countries.
Analysis:
The phrase clearly separates the arguments for and against globalization, making your essay more organized and easier for the examiner to follow.
IELTS Writing Comparison Contrast
Achieving Higher Bands with “By Contrast”
While “by contrast” is effective on its own, using it in combination with other comparative structures can further enhance your writing. Here are some strategies:
- Use synonyms: Instead of repeating “by contrast” multiple times, incorporate synonyms like “conversely,” “on the other hand,” or “in comparison.”
- Combine with other cohesive devices: Use linking words like “while,” “whereas,” or “although” to create more complex sentence structures and demonstrate a wider range of grammar.
Common Errors to Avoid
- Incorrect punctuation: Remember the comma after “by contrast.”
- Lack of clear contrast: Ensure the sentences you’re connecting with “by contrast” genuinely present contrasting ideas.
- Overuse: While useful, avoid overusing “by contrast.” Vary your language with synonyms and other cohesive devices.
Conclusion
Mastering the use of “by contrast” and other comparative structures is essential for achieving high bands in the IELTS writing exam. By understanding its grammatical function, practicing its application in various contexts, and avoiding common errors, you can significantly strengthen your writing, making it more cohesive, sophisticated, and impactful. Remember to explore other comparative structures and practice integrating them into your writing to demonstrate a wider range of grammar and vocabulary.
