The phrase “by + gerund” is a handy tool for any IELTS candidate looking to add variety and sophistication to their writing and speaking. This construction allows you to concisely explain the method or means by which something is achieved. Let’s delve into how this grammatical structure works and how you can use it effectively to boost your IELTS score.
Consider these examples:
- Speaking: “I improved my pronunciation by listening to podcasts and by mimicking native speakers.”
- Writing Task 1: “The company increased its profits by investing in new technology and by streamlining its production process.”
- Writing Task 2: “Governments can encourage sustainable living by promoting public transport and by raising awareness about environmental issues.”
In each sentence, “by + gerund” clarifies how a particular action or result is achieved. Now, let’s break down this structure further.
Understanding ‘By + Gerund’ for Expressing Methods
In the English language, the structure “by + gerund” is frequently employed to describe the means or method by which something is accomplished. The preposition “by” indicates the means, while the gerund (-ing form of the verb) denotes the action being taken.
This construction is particularly helpful in the IELTS exam as it:
- Demonstrates grammatical range and accuracy: Using this structure showcases your ability to use a variety of grammatical structures accurately.
- Improves clarity and conciseness: It helps you express ideas efficiently and avoids unnecessary wordiness.
- Enhances your lexical resource score: Employing “by + gerund” demonstrates your knowledge of idiomatic language use.
The Formula and Its Application Across IELTS Modules
Here’s the formula for using “by + gerund”:
[Subject] + [Verb] + [Object] + by + [Gerund] + [Optional Complement]
Let’s break down how this structure can be used in different sections of the IELTS exam:
Speaking:
- Part 1: Use it when describing your hobbies, habits, or how you achieved something. (“I relax by reading books.” or “I learned to drive by taking lessons from a professional.”)
- Part 2: When describing a process, experience, or how something impacted you. (“The charity event was successful in raising funds by organizing a marathon.” or “I overcame my fear of public speaking by joining a debating club.”)
- Part 3: During the discussion, employ it to express your opinions or explain your reasoning. (“Governments can tackle unemployment by investing in job training programs.” or “Individuals can contribute to society by volunteering their time.”)
Writing:
- Task 1: Describe trends or changes in graphs, charts, or diagrams. (“The number of tourists visiting the country declined by 15% due to the travel restrictions.”)
- Task 2: Explain your viewpoints, provide examples, or suggest solutions. (“Education plays a crucial role in reducing poverty by equipping individuals with essential skills.”)
Demonstrating Mastery: Example Applications in IELTS
Speaking Part 2 Cue Card:
Describe a time you learned something new.
Sample Response:
“One skill I acquired recently was photography. I’d always been fascinated by capturing moments, but my photos never seemed to do them justice. I decided to improve by enrolling in an online course. By studying composition, lighting, and camera settings, I gained a deeper understanding of the art form. The course also encouraged practical application, so I started by photographing everyday scenes and gradually moved towards more challenging subjects like portraits and landscapes. This hands-on approach, combined with the theoretical knowledge, significantly enhanced my photography skills.”
Writing Task 2:
Some people believe that the best way to improve public health is by promoting individual responsibility for healthy lifestyles. Others believe that it is more important for governments to take action to improve public health.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Sample Response:
“The debate surrounding public health often revolves around individual versus governmental responsibility. While personal choices undoubtedly play a role in one’s well-being, I firmly believe that governments hold a greater obligation in fostering a healthier population.
Advocates for individual responsibility argue that people can maintain good health by adopting healthy habits such as exercising regularly, eating nutritious food, and avoiding harmful substances. They posit that empowering individuals to make conscious decisions about their lifestyle is key to a healthier society. While this perspective has merit, it fails to acknowledge the socioeconomic disparities that often hinder individuals from making healthy choices.”
Elevating Your Language: Tips for Achieving a Higher Band Score
- Vary your language: Don’t overuse “by + gerund.” Explore synonyms like “through,” “via,” or alternative structures like “by means of” or “with the help of.”
- Combine with other grammatical structures: Demonstrate complexity by using “by + gerund” within complex sentences containing clauses and connectors.
- Context is key: Ensure the use of “by + gerund” feels natural and adds to the clarity of your writing or speaking.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
- Incorrect Verb Form: Remember to use the gerund (-ing) form after “by.”
- Redundancy: Avoid using “by + gerund” when it’s unnecessary or repetitive.
- Confusing Means and Purpose: “By + gerund” explains how something is done, not why. To express purpose, use “to + infinitive.”
In Conclusion
Mastering the use of “by + gerund” is a valuable asset for achieving a high score in the IELTS exam. By understanding its application, practicing its usage in various contexts, and avoiding common errors, you can significantly enhance your ability to express yourself clearly, concisely, and with grammatical accuracy. Remember, consistent practice is key to embedding this structure into your active vocabulary and improving your overall language proficiency.