Discourse markers are words or phrases that connect ideas and sentences, guiding the reader through your writing or speaking. They are crucial for achieving coherence and cohesion, two important scoring criteria in the IELTS exam. While “firstly, secondly, finally” are common discourse markers, understanding how to use a wider variety will make your language more sophisticated and natural.
Let’s take a look at some examples of how discourse markers can be used in different sections of the IELTS exam:
Speaking Part 2:
*”Describe a time you had to overcome a challenge.
Well, to begin with, I remember feeling quite overwhelmed… Furthermore, I wasn’t sure who to turn to for help. However, I decided to tackle the problem head-on… In the end, I realized that the experience had taught me…”*
Writing Task 2:
*”Some people believe that technology has made our lives easier. Others argue that it has created new problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
On the one hand, technology has undoubtedly streamlined many aspects of our lives. For instance, communication is now faster and more convenient… On the other hand, our reliance on technology has its drawbacks. One example is the increase in sedentary lifestyles…”*
As you can see, using a range of discourse markers helps to clearly signal the relationship between your ideas.
Understanding the Role of Discourse Markers
Discourse markers act as signposts, indicating the direction of your argument or narrative. They are essential for:
- Listing points: Firstly, secondly, finally, to begin with, in addition, moreover
- Providing examples: For instance, for example, namely, to illustrate, such as
- Expressing contrast: However, nevertheless, on the other hand, conversely, despite this
- Showing cause and effect: Therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, hence
- Adding emphasis: Indeed, in fact, particularly, notably, significantly
- Summarizing or concluding: In conclusion, to sum up, in short, ultimately, overall
By using a variety of these markers, you demonstrate to the examiner your command of English grammar and vocabulary.
Using Discourse Markers Effectively in Your IELTS Exam
Here’s how to incorporate discourse markers into your writing and speaking to boost your score:
Speaking:
- Part 1: Use simple markers like “and”, “but”, “so” to connect your ideas naturally.
- Part 2: Employ a wider range of markers like “to begin with”, “furthermore”, “however” to structure your response and maintain coherence.
- Part 3: Demonstrate more complex language by using markers like “consequently”, “in contrast” to express cause and effect or contrasting viewpoints.
Example:
Instead of: “I like reading. I learn new things. It helps me relax.”
Say: “I’m fond of reading because I find it helps me learn new things. Moreover, it allows me to relax and de-stress.”
Writing:
- Task 1: Use markers to compare and contrast data, highlight trends, and draw conclusions. Avoid overusing “firstly, secondly, finally”, opting for alternatives like “in addition”, “furthermore”, “on the other hand”.
- Task 2: Utilize a diverse range of discourse markers to present your arguments clearly and logically. Employ markers to introduce examples, contrast viewpoints, and draw conclusions.
Example:
Instead of: “Technology has many benefits. It can be addictive. We need to use it responsibly.”
Write: “While technology offers numerous benefits, it is not without its drawbacks. For example, excessive use can be addictive. Therefore, it is crucial that we utilize technology responsibly.”
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
- Overuse: Don’t overuse discourse markers. Use them strategically to guide the reader.
- Incorrect punctuation: Ensure you use commas appropriately when using discourse markers.
- Informal language: Avoid overly casual markers like “so” or “well” in your writing.
- Redundancy: Don’t use multiple markers that convey the same meaning (e.g., “however, but, on the other hand”).
Conclusion
Mastering the use of discourse markers is a key step towards achieving a higher IELTS score. By understanding their function and incorporating them naturally into your speaking and writing, you will enhance the clarity, coherence, and sophistication of your language, ultimately impressing the examiner. Remember to practice regularly and pay attention to how different markers are used in various contexts.