Rural to urban migration has been a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2, appearing frequently in recent years. This topic is particularly relevant for candidates from developing countries like India, China, and Vietnam, where rapid urbanization continues to shape socioeconomic landscapes. Similar to Rapid population growth in cities: benefits vs. negative impacts, this issue presents complex challenges that test-takers must analyze critically.
Rural to urban migration showing people moving from villages to cities
Recent IELTS Question
In many countries, people are moving from rural areas to urban areas. What are the problems caused by this migration, and what solutions can you suggest to deal with these problems?
Question Analysis
This question requires a problem-solution approach, focusing on:
- Identifying major issues caused by rural-urban migration
- Proposing practical solutions
- Maintaining a balanced discussion of both elements
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8.5)
The mass movement of people from rural to urban areas has become a significant phenomenon in many developing nations, leading to various challenges that require immediate attention. This essay will examine the primary problems caused by this migration trend and propose viable solutions.
The rural exodus creates several critical issues in both source and destination areas. In cities, the most pressing problem is overwhelming pressure on urban infrastructure, resulting in housing shortages and the proliferation of slums. Furthermore, excessive population density leads to environmental degradation and increased pollution levels, similar to the challenges discussed in effects of high population density on quality of life. Meanwhile, rural areas suffer from agricultural labor shortages and economic stagnation, as younger generations abandon farming communities.
To address these challenges, governments should implement comprehensive strategies. Firstly, investing in rural development through improved infrastructure and importance of renewable energy in rural areas can create better opportunities locally. Secondly, establishing satellite towns around major cities can help distribute population pressure more evenly. Additionally, implementing urban planning policies that emphasize sustainable development and affordable housing can mitigate the strain on city resources.
In conclusion, while rural-urban migration poses significant challenges, these can be effectively managed through coordinated policy interventions focusing on both rural development and urban planning. The success of these solutions depends on consistent implementation and long-term commitment from authorities.
Urban planning and sustainable development solutions for migration
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
Nowadays, many people move from villages to cities, which causes many problems. This essay will discuss these problems and suggest some solutions.
The first problem is that cities become very crowded. When too many people come to cities, there are not enough houses for everyone. Also, traffic becomes very bad, and pollution increases. Another problem is that villages lose many workers, especially young people. This makes it difficult for farming to continue.
There are several ways to solve these problems. The government should make villages better places to live by building more schools and hospitals. They should also give money to farmers to help them earn more. In cities, the government should build more houses and improve public transport to handle more people.
To conclude, rural-urban migration creates problems for both cities and villages, but these problems can be solved if governments take the right actions.
Score Analysis
Band 8.5 Essay:
- Task Response: Fully addresses all parts with well-developed ideas
- Coherence and Cohesion: Logical organization with clear progression
- Vocabulary: Sophisticated vocabulary with natural and precise usage
- Grammar: Wide range of complex structures used accurately
Band 6.5 Essay:
- Task Response: Addresses main points but with less detail
- Coherence and Cohesion: Basic organization but less sophisticated linking
- Vocabulary: Adequate but simpler vocabulary range
- Grammar: Mix of simple and complex structures with some errors
Key Vocabulary
- Rural exodus (n) /ˈrʊərəl ˈeksədəs/ – Large-scale migration from rural areas
- Infrastructure (n) /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃər/ – Basic physical systems of a country
- Proliferation (n) /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/ – Rapid increase in numbers
- Stagnation (n) /stæɡˈneɪʃn/ – Lack of development or growth
- Satellite towns (n) /ˈsætəlaɪt taʊnz/ – Small towns near larger cities
For further understanding of related economic impacts, you might want to explore effects of high inflation on economy and How to address the rising inequality between rural and urban areas.
Similar topics you might encounter in future tests include:
- The impact of urbanization on traditional cultures
- Government policies to control urban population growth
- The role of technology in rural development
Practice writing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments section for feedback and discussion.
