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Understanding the Challenges of Implementing Green Infrastructure in Cities: A Comprehensive Guide for IELTS Reading Practice

Urban Green Space

Urban Green Space

The IELTS Reading section requires test-takers to analyze and comprehend texts on a variety of topics. One topic that has gained significance in recent years is “What are the challenges of implementing green infrastructure in cities?” This subject is highly relevant in today’s world, given the increasing focus on sustainable development and environmental conservation. Understanding this topic can prove beneficial not only in scoring well in the IELTS Reading section but also in staying informed about current global issues.


IELTS Reading Practice Text: Medium Difficulty

What are the Challenges of Implementing Green Infrastructure in Cities?

Green infrastructure refers to a network of natural and semi-natural spaces and elements designed to deliver a wide range of environmental, social, and economic benefits. This concept has gained popularity as cities worldwide aim to become more sustainable. However, the implementation of green infrastructure in urban settings presents numerous challenges that cities need to overcome.

Financial Constraints

One of the foremost challenges is the high cost associated with green infrastructure projects. Initial investments for developing green roofs, urban forests, rain gardens, and permeable pavements can be substantial. Additionally, maintaining these infrastructures requires ongoing funding, which can strain municipal budgets, especially in financially constrained cities.

Technical Barriers

Technical barriers also pose a significant challenge. Urban areas often lack the technical expertise required to design, implement, and maintain green infrastructure projects. This includes knowledge about the specific plants that are most suitable for different environments, methods for controlling urban flooding, and techniques for maintaining soil health in heavily built-up areas.

Regulatory and Policy Issues

Regulatory and policy issues further complicate the promotion of green infrastructure. Existing urban planning and building codes rarely consider environmental sustainability as a priority. Furthermore, obtaining the necessary permits can be a lengthy and complicated process, deterring developers from integrating green infrastructure elements into their projects.

Public Awareness and Acceptance

Gaining public support is another hurdle. Many urban residents are unaware of the benefits associated with green infrastructure or may view it as an unnecessary expense. Educating the public and involving them in community-driven green initiatives can be a time-consuming and labor-intensive process.

Space Constraints

Finally, space constraints in densely populated cities limit the opportunities for green infrastructure. Urban areas, particularly in older cities, often lack the space required for large-scale green projects. This necessitates innovative solutions such as vertical gardens and rooftop green spaces, which can be more challenging to implement.

Urban Green Space


IELTS Reading Practice Questions

Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

  1. What is one primary financial challenge of implementing green infrastructure?

    • A) Lack of technical expertise
    • B) High initial costs
    • C) Public dissatisfaction
    • D) Space constraints
  2. Technical barriers in green infrastructure include:

    • A) Public awareness
    • B) Cost of maintenance
    • C) Permits and regulations
    • D) Lack of knowledge on plant selection
  3. Which issue is related to regulatory obstacles?

    • A) Public ignorance
    • B) High costs
    • C) Obtaining necessary permits
    • D) Lack of space

Questions 6-9: True/False/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?

  1. Green infrastructure projects are generally inexpensive to implement.

    • True
    • False
    • Not Given
  2. Lack of public awareness can impede green infrastructure development.

    • True
    • False
    • Not Given
  3. Policy regulations often facilitate the creation of green infrastructure.

    • True
    • False
    • Not Given

Questions 10-12: Matching Headings

Match the following headings to the correct paragraphs:

Answers and Explanations

  1. B) High initial costs – Financial constraints are primarily due to the expensive upfront costs involved.

  2. D) Lack of knowledge on plant selection – Technical barriers include knowledge gaps about suitable plants, methods, and maintenance.

  3. C) Obtaining necessary permits – Regulatory issues involve navigating long and complicated permit processes.

  4. False – The text clearly outlines the high costs associated with green infrastructure.

  5. True – The text states that lack of public awareness can hinder green infrastructure projects.

  6. False – The text mentions regulatory and policy issues as complicating factors, not facilitators.

i) Public Awareness and Acceptance
ii) Technical Barriers
iii) Financial Constraints
iv) Regulatory and Policy Issues


Common Challenges and Vocabulary from the Text

Common Challenges

Key Vocabulary

Grammar Points


Tips for High Scores in IELTS Reading

By focusing on practice, improving vocabulary, and mastering the IELTS Reading strategies outlined in this guide, you can enhance your chances of achieving a high score in the IELTS Reading section.

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