The IELTS Reading test often includes passages on contemporary issues, and protecting biodiversity in urban areas is a relevant and recurring theme. This topic resonates with global environmental concerns and urban planning challenges, making it a common subject in academic and general training modules.
This article provides a practice reading test on “What are the challenges of protecting biodiversity in urban areas?” As you prepare for the IELTS exam, practicing with such relatable topics can enhance your comprehension skills and strategic approach to various question types.
Practice Reading Test: Challenges of Protecting Biodiversity in Urban Areas
Passage: Medium Text
Urbanization poses significant challenges to biodiversity, but cities also present unique opportunities for conservation. Understanding these challenges and seizing the opportunities requires a multifaceted approach.
One major challenge is habitat loss. Urban expansion often leads to the destruction of natural habitats, which can have devastating effects on local wildlife. Green spaces in cities, such as parks and gardens, can mitigate this effect by providing refuges for native species. However, these green spaces are often fragmented and isolated, limiting their effectiveness.
Pollution is another critical issue. Air and water pollution negatively impact flora and fauna, leading to a decline in biodiversity. Urban runoffs often carry pollutants from roads, buildings, and industries into nearby water bodies, harming aquatic ecosystems.
Invasive species also pose a threat to urban biodiversity. Non-native plants and animals can outcompete and displace local species, disrupting the ecological balance. For example, the spread of the grey squirrel in European cities has led to the decline of the native red squirrel.
Urban planning plays a crucial role in addressing these challenges. Incorporating biodiversity considerations into city planning can help create more resilient urban ecosystems. For instance, planning for green corridors that connect different urban green spaces can enhance habitat connectivity. Additionally, implementing green roofs and walls can provide microhabitats for various species.
Community engagement is equally important. Educating the public about the value of biodiversity and involving them in conservation efforts can foster a culture of environmental stewardship. Local initiatives, such as community gardens and citizen science projects, can raise awareness and encourage sustainable practices.
Despite these challenges, there are successful examples of urban biodiversity conservation. Singapore, often cited as a green city, has integrated nature into its urban fabric through thoughtful planning and innovative design. Its ‘city in a garden’ approach includes numerous parks, green buildings, and urban wetlands that support a wide range of species.
In conclusion, protecting biodiversity in urban areas is complex but achievable. By addressing habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, and involving the community, cities can turn challenges into opportunities for conservation.
Questions
Question Type 1: Multiple Choice
-
What is one major challenge to urban biodiversity mentioned in the passage?
- A. Lack of public interest
- B. Habitat loss
- C. Excessive rainfall
- D. High populations of native species
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Which city is given as an example of successful urban biodiversity conservation?
- A. New York
- B. London
- C. Singapore
- D. Tokyo
Question Type 2: True/False/Not Given
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The passage suggests that green spaces in cities are often well-connected, maximizing their effectiveness.
- True
- False
- Not Given
-
The article states that community engagement is unnecessary for biodiversity conservation in urban areas.
- True
- False
- Not Given
Question Type 3: Matching Information
Match the following statements with the correct paragraph numbers:
A – Habitat loss due to urban expansion
B – Impact of invasive species on local fauna
C – Example of a city integrating nature into urban areas
-
Paragraph 2
Answer:
-
Paragraph 5
Answer:
Question Type 4: Sentence Completion
Complete the sentences with no more than two words from the passage.
-
Urban runoffs carry pollutants into ____ bodies.
Answer:
-
Green corridors enhance ____ between different urban green spaces.
Answer:
Answers
Multiple Choice
- B. Habitat loss
- C. Singapore
True/False/Not Given
- False
- False
Matching Information
- A – Habitat loss due to urban expansion
- C – Example of a city integrating nature into urban areas
Sentence Completion
- water
- connectivity
Lessons Learned
Students often struggle with discerning detailed information required to accurately answer True/False/Not Given questions. The key is to identify keywords and cross-check them with the passage content. Overemphasis or assumptions beyond what is stated usually lead to mistakes.
Vocabulary
Here are some challenging words from the passage with their meanings and phonetics to aid your understanding:
- Habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ (n): The natural home of an animal or plant.
- Invasive /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ (adj): Spreading harmfully and rapidly.
- Biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/ (n): The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat.
- Ecosystem /ˈiːkoʊˌsɪstəm/ (n): A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Grammar Focus
Pay attention to complex sentence structures used in the passage, such as relative clauses and passive voice. For example:
- Relative clause: “Urban runoffs often carry pollutants from roads, buildings, and industries into nearby water bodies, harming aquatic ecosystems.”
- Passive voice: “Pollution is another critical issue.” The action is emphasized rather than the doer.
Advice for High IELTS Reading Scores
- Active Reading: Engage with the text actively by summarizing paragraphs, predicting content, and asking questions.
- Time Management: Allocate time wisely across sections, ensuring you don’t dwell too long on a single question.
- Practice Tests: Regular practice with real IELTS passages improves familiarity with the test format and question types.
- Skimming and Scanning: Skim for the general idea, and scan for specific information or keywords.
- Vocabulary Building: Enhance your vocabulary with context-based learning, focusing on synonyms and paraphrases relevant to common IELTS topics.
By incorporating these strategies into your study plan, you can elevate your reading comprehension skills and improve your IELTS Reading score.