The topic of prioritizing public transportation over personal vehicles has consistently appeared in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams, particularly in recent years. Based on analysis of past exam questions, this theme frequently emerges in various forms, from discussing environmental impacts to urban planning policies. Let’s examine one commonly encountered question format:
Some people believe that governments should invest more in public transportation systems rather than building new roads for private vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Comparison between public transportation and private vehicles in urban setting
Question Analysis
- Topic: Government investment priorities in transportation
- Task: Opinion-based essay requiring clear position
- Key areas to address: Infrastructure development, resource allocation, environmental impact
- Format: Agree/disagree essay structure
Band 8-9 Sample Essay
In my opinion, governments should undoubtedly prioritize investments in public transportation systems over expanding road infrastructure for private vehicles. This approach offers numerous advantages for both society and the environment.
Firstly, public transportation systems are significantly more efficient in moving large numbers of people, particularly in densely populated urban areas. A single bus or train can transport hundreds of passengers while occupying minimal road space compared to the equivalent number of private vehicles. For instance, a standard metro line can carry up to 50,000 passengers per hour, whereas a highway lane typically accommodates only 2,500 vehicles. This efficiency not only reduces traffic congestion but also maximizes the use of limited urban space.
Modern public transportation system showing efficient passenger movement
Moreover, investing in public transit infrastructure delivers substantial environmental benefits. Electric buses, trains, and trams produce significantly lower carbon emissions per passenger compared to private vehicles. Research indicates that switching from private cars to public transportation can reduce an individual’s carbon footprint by up to 4,800 pounds annually. Additionally, fewer vehicles on roads lead to reduced noise pollution and improved air quality in urban areas.
Furthermore, comprehensive public transportation networks promote social equity by providing affordable mobility options for all socioeconomic groups. Many individuals cannot afford private vehicles or their associated costs, making reliable public transportation essential for accessing employment, education, and healthcare services. This accessibility contributes to economic growth and social inclusion.
In conclusion, while both forms of transportation have their place in modern society, the compelling advantages of public transportation systems in terms of efficiency, environmental sustainability, and social equity make them deserving of greater government investment.
Band 6-7 Sample Essay
I agree that governments should focus more on developing public transportation instead of building new roads for private vehicles. This choice has several important benefits.
The main advantage of public transportation is that it can carry many people at once. When people use buses and trains, there are fewer cars on the road, which helps reduce traffic jams. For example, in my city, the areas with good bus services have less traffic congestion than areas without them.
Public transport is also better for the environment. Cars produce a lot of pollution, but buses and trains, especially electric ones, are cleaner. This means better air quality in cities and less damage to the environment. Many cities have seen improvements in air quality after introducing more public transport options.
Another benefit is that public transportation is cheaper for people to use. Not everyone can buy a car, but most people can afford bus or train tickets. This helps people get to work and school more easily. It is especially important for students and low-income workers.
However, some problems need to be solved. Sometimes public transport is not reliable or comfortable. Governments should work on improving these aspects to encourage more people to use public transportation.
In conclusion, I believe investing in public transport is better than building more roads because it helps reduce traffic, protect the environment, and provide affordable transport for everyone.
Band Analysis
Band 8-9 Essay Features:
- Sophisticated vocabulary and complex structures
- Well-developed arguments with specific examples
- Clear coherence and progression
- Effective use of topic-specific terminology
- Strong academic tone
Band 6-7 Essay Features:
- Good basic vocabulary with some advanced terms
- Clear but simpler argument structure
- Basic examples and explanations
- Adequate coherence
- Some minor grammatical errors
Key Vocabulary
- infrastructure (n) /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/ – basic physical systems of a country
- socioeconomic (adj) /ˌsəʊʃɪəʊˌekəˈnɒmɪk/ – relating to social and economic factors
- sustainability (n) /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ – ability to maintain at a certain level
- comprehensive (adj) /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ – complete; including all aspects
- mobility (n) /məʊˈbɪləti/ – ability to move freely
- congestion (n) /kənˈdʒestʃən/ – overcrowding
- emissions (n) /ɪˈmɪʃənz/ – substances released into the air
- accessibility (n) /əkˌsesəˈbɪləti/ – quality of being easily reached or used
Similar topics you might encounter in future IELTS tests include:
- Environmental impact of different transportation methods
- Urban planning and sustainable city development
- Public transportation improvements in developing countries
- Cost comparison between public and private transportation
Practice writing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments for feedback and discussion.
