“With reference to” is a formal phrase commonly used in academic and professional writing to introduce a specific topic or source of information. In IELTS, mastering this phrase can significantly enhance your writing and speaking scores by demonstrating a high level of language proficiency and the ability to discuss topics in a structured manner.
Using "With Reference to" in IELTS Writing
Understanding “With Reference to + Noun”
The phrase “with reference to” is typically followed by a noun or noun phrase. It serves as a way to introduce a specific topic, point to a particular source, or relate your discussion to a certain context. In IELTS, this structure can be particularly useful in the Writing and Speaking sections to:
- Introduce a topic
- Cite information from graphs or charts
- Refer to specific parts of the question
- Link ideas in a coherent manner
Formula and Grammar
The basic structure is:
With reference to + [noun/noun phrase], [main clause].
Examples:
- With reference to the graph, we can see a sharp increase in sales.
- With reference to environmental issues, governments should take immediate action.
It’s important to note that “with reference to” is always followed by a noun or noun phrase, never a verb or clause.
Applying “With Reference to” in IELTS Writing
Task 1 (Academic)
In Task 1 of the Academic IELTS Writing test, “with reference to” can be particularly useful when describing graphs, charts, or diagrams.
Example:
With reference to the line graph, it is evident that CO2 emissions have steadily increased over the past five decades.
Analysis: This sentence effectively introduces the main trend shown in the graph, setting the stage for a more detailed description.
Task 2 (Academic and General)
In Task 2, this phrase can help you introduce topics or refer back to the question prompt.
Example:
With reference to the growing concern over climate change, this essay will discuss the role of individuals and governments in reducing carbon emissions.
Analysis: This sentence clearly states the essay’s focus, directly addressing the topic mentioned in the question.
Advanced Usage for Higher Band Scores
To aim for higher band scores (7-9), consider using variations and more sophisticated structures:
-
“With particular reference to”:
Example: With particular reference to developing nations, the impact of climate change is especially severe. -
Combining with other structures:
Example: With reference to the data provided and considering the long-term implications, it is clear that urgent action is needed. -
Using as a transition:
Example: The environmental impact of industrialization has been significant. With reference to air pollution specifically, the effects on public health have been devastating.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
-
Incorrect follow-up:
Incorrect: With reference to increase pollution levels. (Using a verb instead of a noun)
Correct: With reference to increasing pollution levels. -
Overuse:
Avoid using “with reference to” too frequently in your writing. Vary your language with phrases like “regarding,” “concerning,” or “in terms of.” -
Informal contexts:
Remember that “with reference to” is formal. In less formal contexts, simpler alternatives like “about” or “regarding” might be more appropriate.
Conclusion
Mastering the use of “with reference to” can significantly enhance your IELTS performance, particularly in Writing Tasks 1 and 2. Practice incorporating this phrase into your essays, ensuring you use it to effectively introduce topics, cite information, and link ideas. Remember to vary your language and use this phrase judiciously to maintain a natural, fluent writing style.
For further practice, consider using “with reference to” in sample essays on topics such as environmental issues, technological advancements, or global economic trends. These complex subjects often require precise referencing and structured argumentation, making them ideal for applying this useful phrase.
To expand your skills, you might also want to explore related phrases and structures. For instance, you can learn about how to use “be interested in + noun/gerund” to express interests and preferences in your IELTS essays and speaking responses. Additionally, understanding the role of digital marketing in shaping consumer behavior can provide you with relevant content to practice using “with reference to” in a contemporary context.
